Sarvajanik College Of Engineering &

Technology
(2019-2020)

Subject : Project I
(2170001)

Topic : Project Review

Branch : Chemical 4th Year(VII Sem)

SUBMITTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO:
Sr. Name Enrollment No.
1 Patel Armin 160420105019 Prof. Anand Upadhyay

2 Patel Bhaumin 160420105021

3 Patel Chintan 160420105028
4 Patel Keval 160420105041
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 Outline of Presentation

Sr. Topic Slide no

No
1 Introduction
2 Why Dwsim ?
3 Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone

4 Process overview
5 Planning

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 Introduction

• Plant are becoming more complex and more tightly integrated.

Companies must bring new process to market more quickly.
Engineering departments stretch around the globe and must respond
to changing condition while incorporating a new generations of
engineers. Legacy process simulators are ill-suited to these
challenges. Simcentral simulation platform is designed from the
ground up to enable the next generation of engineers and deliver the
process side of the digital twin. simulators also can be used as an
effective means for teaching or demonstrating concepts to students.
This is particularly true of simulators that make intelligent use of
computer graphics and animation. Such simulators dynamically
show the behavior and relationship of all the simulated system’s
components, thereby providing the user with a meaningful
understanding of the system’s nature.

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 Why Dwsim?

• For many users, such as students, or some small businesses, part-

time practitioners, or those that need primarily the core functionality
only, DWSIM is a great choice. So far the big industry players with
proprietary software do not offer light versions of their software for
lower costs, so there is a demand for packages like DWSIM for this
end of the market. DWSIM has the “first-mover” Open Source
advantage, and can set the standard in this segment of the market,
and will take some of this market from the big players.

• DWSIM is able to simulate steady-state, vapor–liquid, vapor–liquid-

liquid, solid–liquid and aqueous electrolyte equilibrium processes
with the following Thermodynamic Models and Unit Operations.

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 Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone

• Cyclohexane is an important commercial component for the

preparation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, which are
intermediates in the production of adipic acid and caprolactam
respectively. These intermediates are important in the manufacture
of nylon-6 and nylon-6,6 which have become important reference
materials in the industries production of polymers, and the demand
has expands over the last few years. In addition, cyclohexanol and
cyclohexanone are also used as solvents for lacquers and varnishes
as well as stabilisers and homogenisers for soaps and synthetic
detergent emulsions. The other uses of cyclohexanone are in the
synthesis of insecticides, herbicides and pharmaceutical. In most of
the cases, cyclohexane requires extreme reaction conditions such as
high pressure and temperature. Hence, it is necessary to find a new,
efficient catalytic method for the reaction of cyclohexane at low
temperatures.

5
 Process Over View

• Cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone is a bulk chemical with an annual

production capacity of more than 3.5 million metric tonnes. The
major use of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone is in the production
of caprolactam and adipic acid, which are the intermediates in the
manufacture of nylon 6 and nylon 66.
• There are three convectional processes for the production of
cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone.
1. oxidation of cyclohexane
2. hydrogenation of phenol
3. direct hydration of cyclohexene

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• Figure provides an overview of these process routes.

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Oxidation of cyclohexane
• Cyclohexanol is widely produced by the liquid-phase air oxidation
of cyclohexane to cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. The reaction
can be carried out with or without catalyst.The intermediate
cyclohexyl hydroperoxide and the products, cyclohexanol and
cyclohexanone, are more readily oxidized than cyclohexane.
Therefore, to maximize the yield, the conversion of cyclohexane in
the air oxidizers must be kept low (under 6%). Depending on the
conversion, the total yield of alcohol, ketone, and hydroperoxide
varies from 70 to 90%.

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Hydrogenation of phenol
• Cyclohexanol can be produced by vapor or liquid-phase
hydrogenation of phenol using metal catalysts. The commonly
employed catalyst is nickel or a nickel alloy with copper, cobalt, or
manganese. The reaction gives very high yield 95%-99% at nearly
100% conversion. Very high selectivity for cyclohexanol can be
achieved for instance, a Raney nickel catalyst can give a 99.9%
selectivity for cyclohexanol.

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Hydration of cyclohexene
• Reaction is carried out using a nickel catalyst. The conversion per
pass is about 50%, at which point the product consists of about 35%
cyclohexene, 15% cyclohexane, and 50% unconverted benzene. The
selectivity of this reaction is very sensitive to impurities such as
sulfur and iron. Therefore, the benzene must be purified and the
hydrogenation vessel is lined with an inert material.

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Planning

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