CEMENT

VANSHIKA ARORA 02
PRANAV CHAUBAL 07
DIVYY NISHAR 32
HARSH SHAH 47
DARSH SHETH 49
HILONI 50
PRIYAL 55
GENERAL
● The word "cement" can be traced back to the Roman term
opus caementicium, used to describe masonry resembling
modern concrete that was made from crushed rock with burnt
lime as binder. The volcanic ash and pulverized brick
supplements that were added to the burnt lime, to obtain a
hydraulic binder, were later referred to as cementum,
cimentum, cäment, and cement. In modern times, organic
polymers are sometimes used as cements in concrete.
● A cement is a binder, a substance used for construction that
sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them
together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind
sand and gravel (aggregate) together. Cement mixed with fine
aggregate produces mortar for masonry, or with sand and
gravel, produces concrete. Cement is the most widely used
material in existence and is only behind water as the planet's
most-consumed resource.
CLASSIFICATION

1. OPC 33 Grade Cement

● This grade of cement is used for general construction under normal environmental condition. But low compressive

strength and availability of higher grades of cement have impacted the use and demand of OPC 33.

● Compressive Strength of OPC 33 – The average compressive strength of at least three mortar cubes, having a face area

of 50 sq.cm is taken into account while checking the compressive strength. These mortar cubes are composed of one

part of cement and three parts of standard sand.

a) 72 +/- 1 hour Not less than 16 N/mm2

IS Code – IS 269 : 1989 for Ordinary
b) 168 +/- 2 hours Not less than 22 N/mm2
Portland Cement, 33 Grade.
c) 672 +/- 4 hours Not less than 33 N/mm2
CLASSIFICATION
2. OPC 43 Grade Cement

● This grade of cement is the most popular cement used in the country today. OPC 43 is used for general RCC

construction where the grade of concrete is up to M30. It is also used for the construction of precast items such as

blocks, tiles, asbestos products like sheets and pipes, and for non-structural works such as plastering, flooring etc.

● Compressive Strength of OPC 53

a) 72 +/- 1 hour Not less than 23 N/mm2 IS Code – IS 8112: 1989 for 43
Grade
b) 168 +/- 2 hours Not less than 33 N/mm2 Ordinary Portland Cement.

c) 672 +/- 4 hours Not less than 43 N/mm2

CLASSIFICATION
3. OPC 53 Grade Cement

● OPC 53 is used when we need higher strength concrete at very economical cement content. In concrete mix design, for

concrete M20 and above we can achieve 8 to 10% saving in cement with the use of OPC 53. This cement grade is used

for specialized works such as prestressed concrete components, precast items such as paving blocks, building blocks

etc, runways, concrete roads, bridges, and other RCC works where the grade of concrete is M25 and above.

● Compressive Strength of OPC 53

a) 72 +/- 1 hour Not less than 27 N/mm2 IS Code – IS 12269 : 1987 for
Specification for 53 grade ordinary
b) 168 +/- 2 hours Not less than 37 N/mm2 portland cement

c) 672 +/- 4 hours Not less than 53 N/mm2

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
● Portland cement clinker used In the manufacture of Portland slag cement shall comply in all respects
with the chemical requirements specified for the 33 grade ordinary Portland cement ill IS 269 : 1989,
and the purchaser shall have the right, If he so desires, to obtain samples of the clinker used In the
manufacture of Portland slag cement
● The Portland slag cement shall comply With the following chemical requirements when tested In
accordance With the methods given in IS 4032 : 1985:

Percent Max

Magnesium Oxide ( MaO) 8·0

Sulphur trioxide ( SO, ) 3·0
Sulphide sulphur ( S ) 1·5
Loss on ignition 5.0
Insoluble residue 4.0
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
● Fineness - When tested (or fineness in terms of specific surface by Blaine's Air permeability method described in IS 403
J ( Part 2 ) : 1988, the specific surface of slag cement shall be not less than 225 ml/kg.
● Soundness - When tested by 'Le-Chatelier' method and autoclave test described in IS 4031 (Part 3 ) : 1988, unaerated
Portland slag cement shall not have an expansion of more than 10 mm and O.8 percent respectively.
● Setting Time - The setting time of slag cement, when tested by the Vicat apparatus method described in IS 4031 ( Part 5
) : 1988, shall be as follows:

a) Initial setting time Not less than 30 minutes

b) Final setting time Not more than 600 minutes

● Compressive Strength The average compressive strength of at least three mortar cubes ( area of face 50 cml )
composed of one part of cement, three parts of standard sand by mass and ( P/4+ 3·0 ) percent'( of combined mass of
cement plus sand) water, and prepared, stored and tested in the manner described in IS 4031 ( Part 6 ) : 1988; shall be
as follows:

a) 72 ± 1 h Not less than 16 MPa

b) 168 ±2 h Not less than 22 MPa
c) 672 ±4 h Not less than 33 MPa
 STORAGE
● Cement shall be stored at the work site in a building or a shed which is dry,
leakproof and as moisture-proof as possible. The building or shed for
storage should have minimum number of windows and close fitting doors
and these should be kept closed as far as possible.
● Cement shall be stored and stacked in bags and shall be kept free from the
possibility of any dampness or moisture coming in contact with them.
Cement bags shall be stacked off the floor on wooden planks in such a way
as to keep about 150 mm to 200 mm clear above the floor. The floor may
comprise of lean cement concrete or two layers of dry bricks laid on well
consolidated earth. A space of 600 mm minimum shall be left alLround
between the exterior walls and the stacks.
● Cement shall be stored and stacked in bags and shall be kept free from the
possibility of any dampness or moisture coming in contact with them.
Cement bags shall be stacked off the floor on wooden planks in such a way
as to keep about 150 mm to 200 mm clear above the floor. The floor may
comprise of lean cement concrete or two layers of dry bricks laid on well
consolidated earth.
FIELD TESTING
● The sample or samples of cement for test. shall be taken as described In IS 3535 : 1986 and shall tested In the manner
prescribed 10 the relevant clauses.
● Temperature for Testing - The temperature at which the physical tests may be earned out shall, as far as possible, be 27
±2°C. The actual temperature during the testing shall be recorded.
● Consistency of Standard Cement Paste The quantity of water required to produce a paste of standard consistency, to be
used for the determination of the water content of mortar for the compressive strength test and for the determination of
soundness and setting time, shall be obtained by the method described In IS 4031 ( Part 4 ) : 1988.
● Independent Testing - If the purchaser or his representative requires independent test. the samples shall be taken before
or immediately after delivery at the option of the purchaser or hIS representative, and the tests shall be carried out In
accordance With thiS standard on the written Instructions of the purchaser or his representative.
● Cost of Testing The manufacturer shall supply, free of charge, the cement required for testing Unless otherwise specified
m the enquiry and order, the cost of tests shall be borne as follows:

a) By the manufacturer if the results show that the cement does not comply with this standard
b) By the purchaser if the results show that the cement compiles with this standard.
MEASUREMENTS
● Cement is for most builders measured in bags. In the uk a bags of portland cement weighs 25kilos (55.1lb) in the US it is
94lb. (=cubic foot)If you have your own batching plant you can have it delivered by tanker and it is charged by kg or lb.
once it is mixed with water and aggregate it is measured by the metre or yard.
PREPARATION
● Normally water cement ratio falls under 0.4 to 0.6 as per IS Code 10262 (2009) for nominal mix (M10, M15 …. M25)
● We all know that water cement ratio will directly affect the strength of concrete. Either it increases the strength if used in
correct proportion or decrease it.
REFERENCES