TELECOMMUNICATIONS

Module Instructor
Engr. Khalid Rehman
Department of Electrical Engineering
CECOS University of I.T & Emerging
Sciences
Email: sahibzadaan@gmail.com

Lecture # 01
 Key Aims of the Course
1. To describe the motivations for, and the history of,
Telecommunications
2. To introduce the terminology and issues in cellular telephony
3. To know about the tele-traffic
4. To understand what is the role of queuing theory in
telecommunications
5. To understand Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN)
6. To introduce GSM technique, GSM Architecture, GSM
Channels.
7. To introduce Satellite Communications.
 What is Telecommunications?

• Tele means distant (far-off)

• Communication means interaction of two
entities.
• The process of transmitting or receiving
information over a distance by any electrical
or electromagnetic media
 HISTORY
OF
COMMUNICATION
 Where It All Started
1897: Marconi demonstrates
Radio communication

1946: First public mobile

1934: 5000 AM mobile telephone system introduced in
phones in USA (mostly 25 cities in USA
police)

1950s: First mobile users

connected to the PSTN 1970s: Cellular concept born

1980: 1G cellular mobile 1990: 2G cellular mobile

systems (AMPS, TACS, systems (GSM, IS-95)
NMT…)

2000: 2.5G systems 2003 3G cellular

(GPRS, EDGE) mobile in Japan

2004: 3G cellular mobile in UK

and Europe
 History
• First demonstration of a radio transmission
was made by Heinrich Hertz in 1885.
 Invention of Radio Communication

• Guglielmo Marconi (Father of today’s mobile

radio systems) born in Italy in 1874.
• First scientist who made the important
breakthrough of redesigning the transmitter.
• He demonstrated transmissions over a range of
few kilometres rather than just across the
laboratory.
 Further Enhancements
• Invention of the thermionic diode in 1904.
• Lead to practical high-vacuum triodes by 1912.
1. facilitating the use of narrower band
transmissions.
2. making the transmission of speech a possibility.
• Super-heterodyne receiver was developed by
Armstrong & Fessenden in 1912.
• Armstrong had developed the concept of
frequency modulation in 1933.
 Further Enhancements (Cont’d)
• The First World War fuels up the advancements in
mobile communication.
• The need for smaller and lighter transmitters were
felt for military purposes.
• After the First World War, the main impetus for
developments came from broadcasting.
• The rapid increase in the number of radio stations
resulted in a commercialization of receivers.
• It also resulted in efforts to coordinate the use of
radio spectrum.
 Further Enhancements (Cont’d)

• The next step was the invention of transistor.

• Dramatically reducing size and power
consumption of radio systems.
• By 1965, the first pocket-sized mobile phones
were produced.
 First Mobile System

• Mobile Telephone Service (MTS).

• The first mobile phone service introduced by
AT&T in 25 U.S. cities in 1946.
• Half Duplex (push to talk)
• Not a cellular system.
• Operator intervention was required to set up
calls.
 Developments in MTS

• MTS was followed by the

• Improved Mobile Telephone Service (IMTS),
• Still non-cellular system but
• allowed automatic call set-up using tone
signalling.
 Mobile Communication in Europe
• In Sweden, the first European mobile radio
system was introduced in 1955 by Televerket.
• In the U.K, the first commercial system, called
System 1 introduced in 1965 in London
• was expensive, had limited capacity and many
drawbacks.
• but was still heavily oversubscribed.
• The next variant, System 2,was never deployed.
• System 3 came with increased capacity.
 Next Lecture
• First Generation Cellular System
• Second Generation Cellular System
• Third Generation Cellular System
• Future Enhancements
Thank you