Understanding the Self

VALUES EDUCATION 101

PROF. ZOREN MATTHEW L. BLARDONY
Understanding the Self

THE COURSE DEALS WITH THE NATURE OF

IDENTITY, AS WELL AS THE FACTORS AND
FORCES THAT AFFECT THE DEVELOPMENT
AND MAINTENANCE OF PERSONAL
IDENTITY.
Goals of Understanding the Self
• DISCUSS THE DIFFERENT REPRESENTATIONS AND
CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF THE SELF FROM
VARIOUS DISCIPLINAL PERSPECTIVES
• EXPLORE THE DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF SELF AND
IDENTITY
• ACQUIRE AND HONE NEW SKILLS AND LEARNING
FOR BETTER MANAGING OF ONE’S SELF AND
BEHAVIOR
LESSON 1: THE SELF
• THE SELF IS AN INDIVIDUAL
PERSON AS THE OBJECT OF HIS
OR HER OWN REFLECTIVE
CONSCIOUSNESS.
• ACCORDING TO GARDNER
MURPHY, SELF IS THE TOTAL SUM
OF A PERSON’S PERCEPTIONS
TOWARD HIMSELF. IT IS ALSO THE
ATTITUDE OF A PERSON
TOWARDS HIMSELF.
OTHER CONCEPTS OF
SELF
1. SELF AWARENESS

• THE IDEA THAT YOU ARE SEPARATE

FROM YOUR ENVIRONMENT AND FROM
OTHER PEOPLE, AND APPRECIATING
WHAT MAKES YOU DIFFERENT
• SELF AWARENESS IS GIVING ATTENTION
TO OURSELF THROUGH INTROSPECTION
2. SELF CONCEPT
• THE PERSON’S ANSWER’S TO THE QUESTION, “WHO
AM I?”
• THE INDIVIDUAL’S IDEA ABOUT HIMSELF INCLUDING
HIS ATTRIBUTES

3. SELF EFFICACY
• THE ABILITY TO PRODUCE THE DESIRED
RESULT
4. SELF ESTEEM
• REFLECTS AN INDIVIDUAL’S OVERALL
SUBJECTIVE EMOTIONAL EVALUATION OF
HIS WORTH

5. SELF MOTIVATION
• THE FORCE THAT DRIVES YOU TO DO
THINGS. IT PUSHES US TO ACHIEVE OUR
GOALS

6. SELF MONITORING
• THE CAPACITY TO OBSERVE, MEASURE AND
EVALUATE ONE’S BEHAVIOR
7. IDEAL SELF
• WHAT YOU LIKE TO BE

8. SELF IMAGE/ REAL SELF

• WHO YOU REALLY ARE
• HOW YOU VIEW YOURSELF
• BASED ON YOUR SELF-CONCEPT
9. SELF PRESENTATION
• THE ACT OF EXPRESSING ONESELF AND
BEHAVING IN WAYS DESIGNED TO
CREATE A FAVORABLE IMPRESSION
THAT CORRESPONDS TO ONE’S IDEALS.
MEMES NA
PANGMATALINO

PLATO AND
FRIENDS
LESSON 2: THE SELF FROM VARIOUS
PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

A. SOCRATES
B. PLATO
C. AUGUSTINE
D. DESCARTES
E. LOCKE
F. HUME
G. KANT
H. FREUD
I. RYLE
J. CHURCHLAND
K. PONTY
 Philosophy
• Came from the Latin word…
• The natural light of reason
• Uses unaided reason
• The Queen of All Sciences
• Basic principles and assumptions to satisfy the
curiosity of human
• Studies the first cause or the highest principle
• Has Five Major Branches
A. SOCRATES

• FATHER OF WESTERN
PHILOSOPHY
• SOCRATIC METHOD OF
QUESTIONING
• THE FOUNDATION OF SOCRATES’
PHILOSOPHY WAS HIS
COMMAND TO “KNOW THYSELF”.
• SELF IS DICHOTOMOUS WHICH
IS COMPOSED OF: THE PHYSICAL
REALM AND THE IDEAL REALM.
 PHYSICAL REALM IDEAL REALM

• CHANGEABLE, TEMPORAL, • UNCHANGING, TIMELESS,

AND IMPERFECT NON-PHYSICAL AND
• CONSIST OF ANYTHING WE INCLUDES THE INTELLECTUAL
SENSE ESSENCES OF THE UNIVERSE
LIKE THE CONCEPT OF
• ALWAYS CHANGING AND BEAUTY, TRUTH AND
DETERIORATING GOODNESS.
• HAS A BEGINNING AND THE • IT IS ETERNAL AND IMMORTAL
END
What is the Self according to Socrates?
• Composed of Body and Soul
• Immortal and unified entity that is consistent over time
B. PLATO

• AGREED TO SOCRATES ABOUT

THE PARTS OF SELF
• INTRODUCED THE THREE PARTS
OF SOUL:
1. THE APPETITES
2. THE SPIRITED
3. THE MIND
C. AUGUSTINE

• SELF IS COMPOSED OF BODY

AND SOUL
• SELF SHOULD BE SUBMITTED TO
GOD
• THE SOUL WILL GO TO AN
ETERNAL REALM
D. DESCARTES

• THE SELF IS COMPOSED OF

BODY AND MIND
• IT IS NOT ETERNAL
• HOW CAN YOU SAY THAT THE
SELF EXIST?
• “I THINK THEREFORE, I AM.”
E. JOHN LOCKE

• TABULA RASA
• SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS
• CONSCIOUSNESS MAKES
POSSIBLE OUR BELIEF THAT WE
ARE THE SAME IDENTITY IN
DIFFERENT TIMES AND
DIFFERENT PLACES.
F. DAVID HUME

• THERE IS NO SELF
• WE ONLY HAVE IMPRESSIONS
AND IDEAS
• IMPRESSIONS ARE THE BASIC
SENSATIONS OF OUR
EXPERIENCES
• IDEAS ARE COPIES OF
IMPRESSIONS
• FICTIONAL SELF
G. IMMANUEL KANT

• THE SELF IS THE PRODUCT OF

REASON; A REGULATIVE PRINCIPLE
BECAUSE THE SELF “REGULATES”
EXPERIENCE BY MAKING UNIFIED
EXPERIENCE POSSIBLE. UNLIKE
HUME, KANT’S SELF IS NOT THE
OBJECT OF CONSCIOUSNESS BUT
MAKES THE CONSCIOUSNESS
UNDERSTANDABLE AND UNIQUE
H. SIGMUND FREUD

• FATHER OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
• THE SELF IS COMPOSED OF THE
CONSCIOUS SELF AND THE
UNCONSCIOUS SELF.
• CONSCIOUS SELF IS RATIONAL
• UNCONSCIOUS SELF IS
IRRATIONAL
I. GILBERT RYLE

• THE SELF IS THE PATTERN OF

BEHAVIOR AND DISPOSITION
I. PAUL CHURCHLAND

• THE SELF IS A PRODUCT OF

BRAIN ACTIVITY.
• HE VIEWS SELF AS
PHYSIOLOGICAL BEING
PRODUCES BY NEURAL ACTIVITY
J. MERLEAU PONTY

• THE SELF IS EXPERIENCED AS A

UNITY IN WHICH THE MENTAL
AND PHYSICAL ARE SEAMLESSLY
WOVEN TOGETHER.
• THE SELF IS HOLISTIC, IT HAS NO
PARTS.
1. SELF IS COMPOSED OF BODY AND SOUL -A
2. SELF IS COMPOSED OF CONSCIOUS MIND AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND -H
A. SOCRATES
B. PLATO
3. SELF IS A PRODUCT OF BRAIN ACTIVITY -J
C. AUGUSTINE
4. THE WAY A PERSON BEHAVES DESCRIBE THE SELF -I
D. DESCARTES
5. THERE IS NO SELF, THERE ARE IMPRESSIONS AND IDEAS ALONE -HUME
E. LOCKE
6. SELF IS THE ONE WHO THINKS -G
F. HUME
7. THE SOUL WILL GO TO HEAVEN OR HELL -C
G. KANT
8. SELF HAS NO PARTS -K H. FREUD
9. SELF IS COMPOSED OF BODY AND MIND -D I. RYLE
10. THE SOUL HAS THREE PARTS -B J. CHURCHLA
11. SELF IS CONSCIOUSNESS -E ND
K. PONTY