LALAINE JOY Q.

RIDAD, RRT
 Also called

CARDINAL SIGNS
IT INCLUDES
 Temperature
 Respiratory Rate
 Pulse Rate
 Blood pressure
 Pain
TEMPERATURE
• Balance between
HEAT PRODUCED
and HEAT LOSS
• Unit : degrees (CELCIUS / FARENHEIT )

• NORMAL BODY TEMP: 37° C

FACTORS AFFECTING BODY TEMP

• Activity
• Gender
• Environment
• Circadian rhythms
• Stress
TEMPERATURE - Gender

FLUCTUATES CONSTANT

37°C
 Alteration In Body Temp

HYPERTHERMIA
37°C HYPOTHERMIA
EUTHERMIA
TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE

WHAT DO YOU CALL TO A PERSON WITH FEVER?

TYPES OF FEVER
• INTERMITTENT
• REMITTENT
• RELAPSING
• CONSTANT
TEMPERATURE
COMMON SITES IN TAKING TEMPERATURE

 TYMPANIC - (36.4degC) 97.6degF

 AXILLA - (36.4degC to 36.7degC) 97.6F to 98F
 ORAL - (37degC) 98.6 degF
 RECTAL - (37.5degC) 99.6degF
TYPES OF THERMOMETER
 Glass Thermometer

 Digital Thermometer

 Infrared Thermometer

 Temperature Sensitivity Strip

PULSE RATE
• Tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat

Age Group Normal Average Pulse Rate

Adult 60 and 90 beats/min.
Infant 120 beats/min. A
Child (4 – 10) 90 to 100 beats/min.
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PULSE RATE
Characteristic of Pulse

Rate
Bradycardia – less than 60 bpm

Tachycardia – more than 100bpm

RESPIRATORY RATE
Rise and Fall of the chest wall

Age Group Normal Value

Infant 30 – 60 bpm
Child 20 – 30 bpm
Adult 15 – 20 bpm
RESPIRATORY RATE
Assessment of Respiration
 Keep the patient in a seated or supine position.

 Observe the chest wall for symmetry of movement.

 Observe skin color

 Count the number of times the patient’s chest rises and falls for 1 full minute.
BLOOD PRESSURE
• The force of the blood against arterial walls.

Equipment Needed to Measure Blood Pressure

SPHYGMOMANOMETER.
Two Types

Mercury Manometer Aneroid Manometer

BLOOD PRESSURE
Normal BP: 120 / 80
Diastole
Systole
Variation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension – abnormal High Blood pressure. Over 140 / 90 mmHg

Hypotension – below normal. Sytolic reading is between 85 – 110 mmHg

PAIN 5th Vital Sign

Unpleasant feeling cause by

actual or potential tissue
damage