ANATOMY OF THE

HEART
• PERICARDIUM – forms fibrous covering
around the heart
OUTER FIBROUS LAYER – attached to
great vessels that enter and leave the
heart, the
sternum and diaphragm
INNER SEROUS LAYER:
• visceral layer (epicardium)
• parietal layer
• PERICARDIAL CAVITY
• PERICARDIAL FLUID
 WALLS OF THE HEART
• Epicardium
• Myocardium – forms the wall of atria and ventricles
• Actin- protein forming the thin filaments in muscle
fibers that are pulled on by myosin
• Myosin – protein that makes up close to 1/2 of total
protein in muscle tissue.
• Endocardium – thin three layered membrane that lines the
heart.
• Innermost – consist of smooth endothelial cells supported by
a thin layer of connective tissue
• Middle – consist of dense connective tissue with elastic fibers
• Outer – composed of irregularly arranged connective tissue
cells
4 CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

• ATRIA – 2 superior chambers which have auricles for

greater volume.
• VENTRICLES – 2 inferior chambers
• SULCI – contain coronary blood vessels and fat and
mark the external boundary between 2 chambers of
the heart.
• Coronary Sulcus – superior atria and inferior
ventricles
• Anterior Interventricular Sulcus – right and left
ventricles
• Posterior Interventricular Sulcus – between
ventricles
• RIGHT ATRIUM
• Superior Vena Cava
• Inferior Vena Cava
• Coronary Sinus
• Interatrial septum
• Fossa Ovalis – depression in the interatrial septum which is the
remnant of the foramen ovale.
• Tricuspid valve

• RIGHT VENTRICLE
• Trabeculae carneae – cardiac muscle fibers
• Chordae tendineae – connected to the cusps of papillary muscles
• Interventricular septum
• Pulmonary valve
• LEFT ATRIUM
• Bicuspid/Mitral valve
• LEFT VENTRICLE
• Trabeculae carneae
• Chordae tendineae
• Aortic valve
Ligamentum arteriosum – connects the
arch of aorta and pulmonary trunk
• LEFT ATRIUM
• Bicuspid/Mitral valve
• LEFT VENTRICLE
• Trabeculae carneae
• Chordae tendineae
• Aortic valve
Ligamentum arteriosum – connects the
arch of aorta and pulmonary trunk
 HEART VALVES
Atrioventricular Valves/AV valves:
tricuspid
bicuspid (mitral)
• Semilunar Valves/SL valves: The aortic and
pulmonic valves are made up of three crescent moon-
shaped cusps.
• Semilunar Valves/SL valves: The aortic
and pulmonic valves are made up of
three crescent moon-shaped cusps.
• Systemic and Pulmonary
Circulations
• · The left side of the heart is the
pump for the systemic circulation
• · The right side of the heart is the
pump for the pulmonary circulation.