PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERING AGAINST SHIP

 The IMO defines armed robbery against ships as: “any unlawful act of violence or detention or act of
depredation, or threat thereof, other than an act of “piracy“, directed against a ship or against persons
or property on board such a ship, within a State jurisdiction over such offences The IMO defines armed
robbery against ships as: “any unlawful act of violence or detention or act of depredation, or threat
thereof, other than an act of “piracy“, directed against a ship or against persons or property on board
such a ship, within a State€ jurisdiction over such offences“.

 piracy and armed robberies pose a serious threat to the lives of seafarers, the security of the shipping
industry and the safety and security of coastal states and called on all the stakeholders to engage actively
in tackling this phenomenon and to seek lasting solutions to a scourge that affects the whole international
community.
 Defining Armed Robbery against ships

IMO's Code of Practice for the Investigation of the Crimes of Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships,
determines that armed robbery against ships consists of any of the following acts:

 any illegal act of violence or detention or any act of depredation, or threat thereof, other than an
act of piracy, committed for private ends and directed against a ship or against persons or
property on board such a ship, within a State's internal waters, archipelagic waters and territorial
sea;
 any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described above.“
IMO Piracy reports
 IMO issues incident reports on piracy and armed robbery against ships using data submitted by
Member Governments and appropriate international organizations, with the first reports being
published in 1982. Since July 2002, IMO's monthly and annual piracy and armed robbery reports
classify separately any reported acts or attempted acts of piracy (international waters) and armed
robbery against ships (territorial waters).
 The reports, which include among other things, the names and a description of ships attacked,
position and date/time of incidents, consequences to the crew, ship or cargo, and actions taken by
the crew and coastal authorities, are circulated monthly, followed by a comprehensive annual
report, published at the beginning of the second quarter of the subsequent year. Additional
information regarding acts of piracy and armed robbery against ships is publicly available (subject
to registration) in IMO's Piracy and Armed Robbery module within the Organization's Global
Integrated Shipping Information System (GISIS)
 Defining Piracy

 any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private
ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:
1. On the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board
such ship or aircraft;
2. against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;
 any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of
facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;
 any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b).

Regional cooperation
 Regional cooperation among States has an important role to play in solving the problem of piracy and
armed robbery against ships, as evidenced by the success of the regional anti-piracy and armed robbery
agreement and related operations in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, to which IMO provided and
continues to provide assistance, throughout the development and implementation processes.

IMO Guidance
 The acts of piracy and armed robbery on ships require enhanced security alertness on the part of the
crew and increased manning levels.

 IMO's Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) highlights adequate self-protection as the most appropriate
deterrent to acts or attempted acts of piracy and armed robbery.
 International Maritime Organization (IMO's) Maritime Safety Committee (MSC)
highlights adequate self-protection as the most appropriate deterrent to acts or
attempted acts of piracy and armed robbery.

Figure 1.

Figure 3.
Figure 2.
 ILLICIT TRADE OF SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS

 The small arms trade, or small arms market, includes both authorized transfers of small arms
and light weapons (and their parts, accessories, and bullets ), and illicit transfers of such
weapons. ... The trade occurs globally, but is concentrated in areas of armed conflict, violence,
organized crime.

 The small arms trade, or small arms market, includes both authorized transfers of small arms
and light weapons (and their parts, accessories, and bullets ), and illicit transfers of such
weapons. Small arms and light arms are those that can be transported by one or two people, or
carried by pack animal or vehicles, ranging from firearms like pistols and light machine
guns to man-portable air-defense systems (MPADS), mortars, and rocket-propelled
grenades (RPGs).
 The trade occurs globally, but is concentrated in areas of armed conflict, violence, organized
crime.
 In terms of actions that are illicit, this trade involves the illegal trafficking of small arms,
and the exchange of money and drugs for small arms which are all commodities that cross
borders around the globe.

 These weapons are not only the choice for a majority of regional conflicts today, but also
for many terrorist groups operating around the world.

 Legal transfers are generally defined as those approved by the involved governments and in
accord with national and international law.
 Black market (illegal) transfers clearly violate either national or international law and take
place without official government authorization.
 Gray (or grey) market transfers are those of unclear legality that do not belong in either of
the other categories.
 Small arms and light weapons have killed more people than any other weapon. They
have been involved in more than 500 000 deaths per year and account for more than
90% of victims in armed conflicts.
 As already recognized in 2001 in the UN PoA, the illicit trade in small arms and light
weapons have a wide range of humanitarian and socioeconomic consequences and
cause a serious threat to peace, reconciliation, safety, security, stability and
sustainable development at the individual, local, national, regional and international
levels. Target 16.4 of the Sustainable Development Goals explicitly mentions the
objective of significantly reducing, by 2030, illicit financial and arms flows.

 The illicit trade in small arms and light weapons in all its aspects continues to sustain
conflicts and to exacerbate armed violence, to undermine respect for international
humanitarian law and international human rights law, to fuel terrorism and organized
crime.

 The illicit trade in small arms and light weapons therefore constitutes a major
security concern for our countries. We are firmly convinced of the need to continue to
strengthen our collective action and coordination in this regard.

 The adoption and implementation of the UN Program of Action to Prevent, Combat and
Eradicate the Illicit Trade in SALW in All Its Aspects. We are committed to working
constructively in the run up to the 3rd review conference in 2018.
 The international instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable
Manner Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons, which represents a practical tool. We will continue
to engage on its implementation.

 The adoption and entry into force of the Protocol against the Illicit . Manufacturing of and
Trafficking in Firearms, Their Parts and Components and Ammunition, which supplements the
United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime.

 More than half a million people worldwide meet a violent death every year. This figure has been
rising even more since 2010, with increasing numbers of men, women and children dying in
armed conflicts.1 No other type of weapon causes more violent deaths worldwide than small
arms.

 The illicit trade in and misuse of small arms and light weapons (referred to below as “small
arms“ or SALW) continues to represent a threat to peace, security and sustainable development
in many regions of the world.

 Small arms are simple to use and to move, and can be easily concealed. They are durable, readily
available and inexpensive.
 While small arms are generally used in police and military operations for the legitimate
protection of the public and to maintain law and order, they are often misused by criminals,
warlords, rebels and repressive security forces as well as non-state groups and criminal and
terrorist organisations in the oppression of civilians and in violations of human rights.
 The estimated number of people dying each year in armed conflicts rose from an average of
70000 in the period from 2007 to 2012 to 90000 in the period from 2010 to 2015. These are
largely attributable to the armed conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria.
 Added to this are the numerous people who have been injured, or subject to forced displacement
or sexual violence, etc.

 However, the vast majority of deaths still occur outside conflict zones.

 According to the Small Arms Survey, in the period from 2010 to 2015, 83% of violent deaths took
place outside of conflict zones.

 Over and above the direct impact such as deaths and injuries, the illicit trade in small arms and
their misuse have profound and far-reaching socio-economic consequences in areas such as
health, security and education.

 Small arms: • revolvers and self-loading pistols; • rifles and carbines; • sub-machine guns; •
assault rifles; • light machine guns;

 Light weapons: • heavy machine guns; • hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers;
• portable anti-aircraft guns; • portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles; • portable launchers of
anti-tank missile and rocket systems; • portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems; •
mortars of calibres of less than 100mm;
 Small arms: • revolvers and self-loading pistols; • rifles and carbines; • sub-machine guns; •
assault rifles; • light machine guns;

 Light weapons: • heavy machine guns; • hand-held under-barrel and mounted grenade launchers;
• portable anti-aircraft guns; • portable anti-tank guns, recoilless rifles; • portable launchers of
anti-tank missile and rocket systems; • portable launchers of anti-aircraft missile systems; •
mortars of calibres of less than 100mm;
Thank You !!!

Group 5