LIBRARY STUDY

HOSPIAL- A hospital is a medical institute that offers treatment to people or patients

OUT-PATIENT DEPARTMENT
uffering from an illness or ailment.A multi-specialty hospital offers treatment for one particular illness or The basic requirements of an outpatient department are as
ailments related to a particular body part follows:
Consist of several sectors
*reception and waiting areas
*consultation rooms
-treatment, care , administration
*examination rooms
- tecnical & storage zones, external areas like park,
*treatment rooms, and
parking etc *staff and supply areas.
TYPICAL SPACE REQUIREMENTS
localization-
OPD, EMERGENCY, RADIOLOGY, ADMINISTRATION etc
short connection between the
 ENTRANCE- only one main entrance is preferable, if secondary
main entrance.
is provided then it should be pointed out apart Close to the diagnostic services.
 ENTRANCE HALL- acts as a junction joining towards different Close to pharmacy.
departments. connection between every other department
 CIRCULATION
 SURGICAL SERVICES
 OPERATING ROOM
 RADIOLOGY
 OBSTERICS
 EMERGENCY
 LABORATORIES
 EXAMINATION UNIT
• Surgical unit

• • Localization: - surgical units usually should have a central localization in the hospital. -
Surgical services have to be placed close to emergencies, intensive cares services, waking
units and sterilization services. Short connections between those services are required,
particularly with emergencies units. - Hygiene standards require a disconnection between
surgical units and other services: tambours are advised for this separation.

• • Organization of a surgical unit: Operating room: Ante-operating room: Post-operating

room: Cleaning room: Implement room:

• • Are required: - A airlock for staff, - A airlock for patients, - Sterilized passages for work, - An
anesthesia local, - A airlock for distribution and evacuation, - A local for nurses, - A waiting
room, - A waking room.

• • more area required (in the airlock for patients if possible) for : - Changing of beds, -
Preparation and storage of operating tables, - Washbasins.

• • A two-passage circulation: - A separation between different working units is required to

reduce germs transmission, - A separation between circulation of non-sterilized and
sterilized patients and implements is also require d.

• Operating room: - A squared room is advised, - Height of artificial lighting: 3m +0.7m for ventilation and electric fittings, - Shades are required, - Safety electrical
supply: 1.20m above the floor minimum, - Operating rooms have to be fit with a mobile ceiling fixture (Picture 4), - Uniformly smooth and easily washable walls and
floors.
• Post-operating room: - 3.80 m x 3.80 m - Fit up like the ante-operating room: a refrigerator, washtubs, cupboards, connectors for anesthesia implements, a safety
generator, - A pivoted door, 1.25m wide, opening on the working passage, - A sliding door with a glazed oculus and an electrical control, opening on the operating
room, 1.40m wide, is required.
• Local for sterilized implements: - 10 m2 fit up with shelves, - A direct connection with the operating room is advised.
• Apparatus room: - 20 m2, close to the operating room, - A direct connection is advised.
• Sterilization room: A direct connection with the operating room is required, - Two different sides are required: a non-sterilized side with non sterilized implements
and a sterilized one, - Fit up with a sink, working and storage areas.
• Plaster casts room: - For hygiene standards: not localized in the operating unit, but in cares services, - In case of emergency, the patient has to go trough a airlock
to enter the operating room.
• Waking room: - It is advised to avoid a too important proximity between beds, - A bed has to be accessible on 3 sides for the anesthetist and care apparatus, -
Supply in vacuum, oxygen and electricity is required, - Several doors between the waking room and the operating one are required
ICU or Intensive Care Unit. IPD (In-Patient Department)
Purpose to permit the patient to rest under the observation
ICUs are specialty nursing units designed, equipped and staffed with specially skilled
and control of the doctors and nurses, other considerations to
personnel for treating very critical patients or those requiring specialized care and
enable the doctor to see a maximum number of patients in
equipments.
available time to make nursing care reasonably.
Organization of intensive cares units:
- A airlock,
All wards need to be easily accessible from the hospital main
- A room for registration and administration,
supply and disposal routes And must be convenient with the
- A secretary’s office
diagnostic and treatment department.
- Cares units
- Annexes and staff rooms
Rooms should face north-east.
• Annexes: - An operating room (for slight operations): - A
laboratory, - A sterilization local: - A local for non sterilized Spaces in Wards:
apparatus, - A local for sterilized apparatus, - A cleaning General ward (Multiple beds) Ancillary accommodation
local. Special ward (Isolation Ward) - Cleaning Utility
- - Dirty utility
• Hygiene standards: - Beds have to be accessible on 3 sides, Intensive Care Unit - pantry, kitchen
- Supply in vacuum, oxygen and electricity (low and high Surgical (care for postoperative - Treatment
current) is required for each bed. patient) - Nursing room
connectivity- IPD, DIANGNOSTIC, PHARMACY, Medical (suffering from coma, shock - Within Ward unit
PATHOLOGY , OT , EMERGENCY etc.) - General
Coronary (acute cardiac condition)
RADIOLOGY/IMAGING
The term "radiology department" usually refers to the department in which • 6. Obstetrics Laboratories
diagnostic imaging is provided. • • An operating local is required near • They are designed for blood
The department should be easily accessible to the OPD, casualty and the delivery rooms. The obstetrics service has samples and analysis of those
inpatient wards. to be separated from the units for samples.
The location of the department will be on the ground floor. patients after delivery and for infants.
It should have some scope for expansion at a later date.
The term radiology now incorporates: • Organization of the obstetrics service: it • They consist of: - Locals for
consists of: rinse, disinfecting, preparation
Radiodiagnosis—
• - A watching room, of sterilized implements, - A
X Ray
storage room, - A cold room, -
Sonography
• - Reception and waiting rooms, A meeting room, - A waiting
CT Scan
• - Rooms for pre-delivery, room, - An administration office.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)
• - Delivery rooms (fit up with a bash for • For microbiology:
Radiotherapy patients), independent unit or access
Nuclear Medicine
• - An operating room (12 m2 ) has to be through a tambour. • All rooms
Interventional radiology
near delivery rooms, ought to be lit with natural light.
This service requires a direct access from the emergencies for lying • Rooms with microscopes have
patients. It must be situated on the ground floor or at the first ground • - A sterilized local (12 m2 ), to be orientated northern. •
(because of weight of apparatus). It is required to minimize distances • - A non sterilized local (12 m2 ), Width of doors: 1m minimum
between rooms
• - A registration office (12 m2 ),
• - A living room for the staff (15 m2 ), - A
local for midwives (20 m2 ), - Toilets
 MORTUARY
Safety standards
hospital should have a mortuary suitable for the temporary shelter . Electrical installation
of the dead, with proper refrigeration facilities for an adequate number of bodies. • 220V for normal current, • 380V for high current, • At least
Facilities for autopsy should be provided. two isolated transformer sections with antivibratil functions
The mortuary has the following functions: are required.
1. to hold dead bodies until burial can be arranged; • In surgical wings: - Safety electrical supply: 1.20m above the
2. to provide a place where a pathologist can investigate causes of death and
floor minimum, - extra accumulators for electricity supply and
make scientific investigations;
3. to allow viewing and identification of bodies by relatives and other people.
emergency power supply, - Have to work continually: o One
The mortuary should, if possible, be located near the pathology department or operating lamp/ceiling fixture in each operating room for 3
laboratory. It should be easily accessible from wards and the emergency and operating hours minimum, o Devices to maintain vital bodily functions.
departments. Gas installation
The following areas are needed: • Pumps for Oxygen, Nitrogen, vacuum and pressured air
1. covered access have to be installed in double. • Oxygen: supplying with air
2. body store
stored in steel bottles out of battery with an automatic switch.
3. staff changing room with lockers and toilets
4. soiled garments holding area
3. Lighting
5. Post-mortem facilities • Lighting standards in hospitals: - Luminosity of 1000 lx in
6. viewing room operating rooms, - Luminosity of 500 lx in annexes.
7. visitors' waiting room • Operating rooms have to be fit with a mobile ceiling fixture.
8. cleaning materials storage room 4. Ventilation
9. cleaner's room • Filtering, dilution and extraction of air, • Renewal: 15-
10. prayer and religious rites room
20volumes for one hour. • It is required to consult safety
measures for ventilation ducts
• Any uncontrolled air current can’t enter the operating room
by: - A hermetically sealed closure of the room
FIRE SAFETY (Escape routes)

Staircase
Fire exit staircase after every 30 meter in building is to be provided
- staircase Shelby of enclosed type to prevent entry of smoke and fire to
the staircase and vice versa
- Access to the basement from the ground should be through a separate
Staircase which should not be connected to the main staircase
- stair pressurization fan shaft is to provide in fire escape staircase to
push smoke back

Ramps
- The slope of a ramp shall not exceed 1:10, in certain cases steeper slopes
may be permitted but in no case is greater than 1:8.
- Ramps shall be surfaced with non slipping material

- Emergency and Escape lighting

- emergency lighting shall be powered from a source independent of
that supplying the normal lighting
- Escape lighting shall be capable of
- indicating clearly an ambiguously escape routes
- providing adequate illumination and illumination along such
routes to allow safe moment
- ensuring that the fire alarm call points and firefighting equipment
provided along escaped routes can be readily located.
- Horizontal luminance at the floor level on centerline of escape route
shall not be less than
- emergency lighting system shall be capable of continue operation for
minimum duration of 1hr 30 minutes.