History and heritage

of structure in india
FATEHPUR SIKRI
Submitted to :- Submitted by:-
Nidhi pachunkar
Dr. Veena Banthiyal
Lavina Deshmukh
INTRODUCTION
Fatehpur Sikri is a town in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh, India. The city
itself was founded as the capital of Mughal Empire in 1571 by Emperor Akbar,
serving this role from 1571 to 1585, when Akbar abandoned it due to a
campaign in Punjab and was later completely abandoned in 1610.
The name of the city derives from the village called Sikri which occupied the
spot before. An Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) excavation from 1999-
2000 indicated that there was a habitation, temples and commercial centres
here before Akbar built his capital. It was also a much-loved place of Babur
who called it Shukri for its lake of water needed for his armies. He used it for
relaxation and also defeated Rana Sanga on its outskirts.
Coordinates: 27.091°N 77.661°E

Country India

State Uttar Pradesh

District Agra

Founded by Akbar the great

Population 32905

Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)

Vehicle registration UP-80

Inscription 1986 (10th session)

 HISTORY
The place was much loved by Babur, who called it Shukri
("Thanks"), after its large lake that was used by Mughal
armies.Annette Beveridge in her translation of Baburnama noted
that Babur points "Sikri" to read "Shukri“.Per his memoirs, Babur
constructed a garden here called the "Garden of Victory" after
defeating Rana Sangha at its outskirts. Gulbadan Begum's
Humayun-Nama describes that in the garden he built an
octagonal pavilion which he used for relaxation and writing. In the
center of the nearby lake, he built a large platform.
 ARCHITECTURE
Fatehpur Sikri sits on rocky ridge, 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) in length
and 1 km (0.62 mi) wide and palace city is surrounded by a 6 km
(3.7 mi) wall on three sides with the fourth bordered by a lake.
The city is generally organized around this 40 m high ridge, and
falls roughly into the shape of a rhombus. The general layout of
the ground structures, especially the "continuous and compact
pattern of gardens and services and facilities" that characterized
the city leads urban archaeologists to conclude that Fatehpur
Sikri was built primarily to afford leisure and luxury to its famous
residents.
 CONSTRUCTION
TECHNIQUES
Construction Techniques Since the methods of construction were familiar to the
builders, specialized items could be produced outside and brought in for assembly.
The super-structure is a combination of the traditional post-and-lintel system and
arches and ribbed vaults of Buddhist origin. High domes, placed in response to the
scale of courts and structures externally, were often scaled down in the interior by
double domes decorated in plaster or paintings. A wide range of roof types has been
employed at Fatehpur Sikri, from curved vaulted roofs with stone ribs to sloped
angular vaults with an internally visible stone ridge beam, flat-laid stone slabs, and
stone domes. The roof is finished smooth in some cases and finished with carved
fluting in others. The carved fluting is sometimes covered with blue glazed tiles as in
Jodha Bai’s Palace. The roofs of the lower structures are often used as terraces from
the upper levels, and the parapets are finished with carved screens.