12.

Using a graphing calculator to graph

linear equations

 y = mx + b slope-intercept
form
 graph
 table (2nd graph) x-y table
 find intercepts
 find points
 13. Systems of linear equations
Definitions:
System of linear equations – consists of 2 or
more linear equations
(lines)

Solution of a system of linear equations –

Ordered pair (x, y) that makes both
equations true: point of intersection
 14. Solving systems of equations by
graphing

1. Solve so that both equations are in

slope-intercept form (y = mx + b)
2. Graph both lines – find point of
intersection
– Graph on paper
3. Check your answer
– Use graphing calculator to check graph and
table
Example 1: Tell whether the ordered pair is a
solution.
(3, 2)
x + 2y = 7
3x – 2y = 5

Example 2: Solve by graphing

y = 2x + 2
y = 4x + 6
Example 3:
-x + y = -7
x + 4y = -8

Homework: p. 430 – 432

#12-24 (1st column), #3-10 all
15. Solving systems of equations by
substitution
We are still looking for the point of intersection.

Steps for solving by substitution

1. Solve for one variable in one of the equations.
When possible solve for the variable that has 1 or
-1 for the coefficient
2. Substitute the expression from step 1 into the
other equation and solve for the remaining
variable.
3. Substitute the value from step 2 into the original
equation to solve for 2nd variable.

Answer will be the point of intersection (x, y).

Example 1: Solve by substitution
y = 3x + 2
x + 2y = 11
Solution: Substitute expression

x + 2(3x + 2) = 11 Distribute
x + 6x + 4 = 11 Combine like terms
7x + 4 = 11 Subtract 4 from both sides
-4 -4
7x = 7 Divide both sides by 7
7 7
x=1 Still need to find y, substitute
---------------------------- x into either original equation
y = 3x + 2 and solve for y
y = 3(1) + 2
y=5 Answer: (1, 5) Check answer
Example 2: x – 2y = -6
4x + 6y = 4 .
1. Solve 1st equation for x x – 2y = -6
+2y +2y
x = 2y – 6
2. Substitute (2y-6) into 2nd
equation for x. 4(2y – 6) + 6y = 4
3. Distribute 8y – 24 + 6y = 4
4. Combine like terms 14y – 24 = 4
5. Add 24 to both sides +24 +24
14y = 28
6. Divide both sides by 14 14 14
y=2
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Continued on next slide
Only have 1 coordinate for the point of intersection, so….
7. Substitute y value into
either original equation 4x + 6y = 4
and solve for x 4x + 6(2) = 4
4x + 12 = 4
-12 -12
4x = -8
4 4
x = -2

Answer (point of intersection): (-2, 2)

Check answer – substitute into both original equations to
see if true.

Homework: p. 439-440 # 3-17 odds, 18, 31, 32

15. Solving systems of equations by substitution

 Steps for solving

1. Isolate one variable in one of the two equations
2. Substitute the expression into the other
equation
3. Solve for the variable.
4. Substitute answer into either original equation
and solve for 2nd variable.
 16. Solve systems of equations by
elimination
 We are still looking for the point of intersection.

Steps for solving by elimination

1. Both equations need to be in standard form – so
that variables line up. (Ax + By = C)
2. One set of variables need to have the same
coefficient but opposite signs.
3. Add the two equations together.
4. Solve for the remaining variable.
5. Substitute answer into either original equation and
solve for 2nd variable. Answer: (x, y)
Example 1: 2x + 3y = 11 Both Standard?
-2x + 5y = 13 Coefficients?
Add equations
8y = 24 Solve for variable
8 8
y=3 Still need to find 2nd
variable
--------------------------------------------------------------------
2x + 3(3) = 11
2x + 9 = 11
- 9 -9
2x = 2
2 2
x=1 Answer: (1, 3)
Example 2: 4x + 3y = 2 Standard?
5x + 3y = -2 Coefficients?

4x + 3y = 2 → 4x + 3y = 2
-1(5x + 3y = -2) → -5x – 3y = 2 Now add
-1x = 4
-1 -1
x = -4
Find 2nd variable: 4(-4) + 3y = 2
-16 + 3y = 2
16 16
3y = 18
3 3
y=6 Answer: (-4, 6)
Example 3:
8x – 4y = -4 → 8x – 4y = -4
4y = 3x + 14
-3x -3x → -3x + 4y = 14
5x = 10
5 5
x=2
--------------------------------------------------------------------
8(2) – 4y = -4
16 – 4y = -4
-16 -16
-4y = -20
-4 -4
y=5 Answer: (2, 5)
Homework: p. 447- 448 #3 – 21 odds, 25
 16. Solving systems by elimination

1. Both equations need to be in standard form

2. One set of coefficients must have the same number but
opposite signs. Multiply one or both equations
3. Add the equations together
4. Solve for the remaining variable
5. Substitute value for variable into one of the two
original equations and solve for the 2nd variable
Example 1: 6x + 5y = 19
2x + 3y = 5

6x + 5y = 19 → 6x + 5y = 19
-3(2x + 3y = 5) → -6x – 9y = -15 Add
- 4y = 4
-4 -4
y = -1

2x + 3(-1) = 5
2x - 3 = 5
3 3
2x = 8 x=4 (4, -1)
2 2
Example 2: 4x + 5y = 35
-3x + 2y = -9

3(4x + 5y = 35) → 12x + 15y = 105

4(-3x + 2y = -9) → -12x + 8y = -36
23y = 69
23 23
y=3
4x + 5(3) = 35
4x + 15 = 35
-15 -15
4x = 20
4 4
x=5 Answer: (5, 3)
Example 3: 6x – 2y = 1
-2x + 3y = -5

Example 4: 2x + 5y = 1
3x + 10y = -3

Example 5: 3x – 7y = 5
9y = 5x + 5

Homework: p. 454 – 455 #3-17 odds, 21, 24, 27, 37

What is a system of linear equations?
What is a solution for a system of equations?
Is a single point of intersection the only possiblility
when graphing two lines?
Graph the only possibility when y = 2x – 3 and y =
2x +5.
When graphing two lines it is easy to see what is
happening with the two lines. But what happens
when we just have two equations, how are we
going to figure out when we have 1 point of
intersection, parallel lines (no solution) or the
same line (infinite solutions)?
17. Special types of linear systems
1. Solve using substitution or elimination
2. Our answers will tell us what is
happening.
• If we get x = or y = , we are looking for a
single point of intersection
• If we get a false statement without a
variable (0 = 5), then we have parallel lines
and no common points. The answer is no
solution.
• If we get a true statement without a
variable (-3 = -3), then we have the same
line and all the points are in common. The
answer is infinite solutions.
Example 1: 3x + 2y = 10
3x + 2y = 2
Use elimination to solve.
3x + 2y = 10→ 3x + 2y = 10
-1(3x + 2y = 2)→ -3x – 2y = -2 Add
0=8
False – parallel lines - no solutions
Example 2: x – 2y = -4
y = ½x + 2

Use substitution.

x – 2(½x + 2) = -4
x – x – 4 = -4
-4 = -4

True – same line – infinite solutions

Homework: p.462-463 #5-7 all, 9-13 odds, 15, 18,
21
REVIEW WORKSHEET (2 homework grades) –
due next class period
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Reading assessment – due