OPTICAL PYROMETER

PREPARED BY:
3RD CLASS E/C BANATANTO, PETER JOHN EJ F.
DEFINITION

• The optical pyrometer is a non-contact type temperature measuring device. It

works on the principle of matching the brightness of an object to the
brightness of the filament which is placed inside the pyrometer. The optical
pyrometer is used for measuring the temperature of the furnaces, molten
metals, and other overheated material or liquids.
• It is not possible to measures the temperature of the highly heated body with
the help of the contact type instrument. Hence the non-contact pyrometer is
used for measuring their temperature.
CONSTRUCTION OF OPTICAL PYROMETER

• The pyrometer is cylindrical inside which the lens is placed on one end and the
eyepiece on the other end. The lamp is kept between the eyepiece and the
lens. The filter is placed in front of the eyepiece. The filter helps in getting the
monochromatic light. The lamp has the filament which is connected to the
battery, ammeter and the rheostat.
WORKING OF OPTICAL PYROMETER

• The optical pyrometer consists of the lens which focuses the radiated energy
from the heated object and targets it on the electric filament lamp. The
intensity of the filament depends on the current passes through it. Hence the
adjustable current is passed through the lamp.
DISAPPEARING FILAMENT TYPE OPTICAL PYROMETER
• The magnitude of the current is adjusted until the brightness of the filament is
similar to the brightness of the object. When the brightness of the filament
and the brightness of the object are same, then the outline of the filament is
completely disappeared.
The filament looks bright when their temperature
is more than the temperature of the source.

The filament looks dark if their temperature is less

than that required for equal brightness
ADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL PYROMETER

• The optical pyrometer has high accuracy.

• The temperature is measured without contacting the heated body. Because of
this property, the pyrometer is used for the number of applications.
DISADVANTAGES OF OPTICAL PYROMETER

• The working of the pyrometer depends on the intensity of light emitted by the
heated body. Thereby, the pyrometer is used for measuring the temperature
having a temperature more than 700-degree Celsius. The accuracy of the
pyrometer depends on the adjustment of the filament current. Also, the
pyrometer is not used for measuring the temperature of clean gases.
 RADIATION
THERMOMETER
PREPARED BY:
3RD CLASS E/C BROSOTO, JHON VERGEL S.
• RADIATION THERMOMETERS ARE NONCONTACT THERMOMETERS WHICH
MEASURE THE TEMPERATURE OF A BODY BASED ON ITS EMITTED THERMAL
RADIATION
• SIMILAR TO OPTICAL PYTOMETER BUT ONLY DIFFER BY OMITTING THE
FILAMENT AND EYEPIECE AND HAVING INSTEAD AN ENERGY DETECTOR IN
THE SAME FOCAL PLANE AS THE EYEPIECE
• CAN BE USE TO MEASURE TEMPERATURE OVER A RANGE FROM -100° C TO
+3600° C
• “In principle, radiation thermometers can be used to measure the temperature
of any material, since, regardless of its temperature, all substances will emit
electromagnetic radiation. “
• THE RADIATION DETECTOR IS EITHER A THERMAL DETECTOR, WHICH
MEASURES THE TEMPERATURE RISE IN A BLACK BODY AT THE FOCAL POINT
OF THE OPTICAL SYSTEM OR A PHOTON DETECTOR
• THERMAL DETECTORS RESPOND EQUALLY TO ALL WAVELENGTHS IN THE
FREQUENCY SPECTRUM AND CONSIST OF EITHER THERMOPILES,
RESISTANCE THERMOMETERS OR THERMISTORS
HOW DOES IT WORKS?

• BY KNOWING THE AMOUNT OF INFRARED ENERGY EMITTED BY THE

OBJECT AND ITS EMISSIVITY, THE OBJECT’S TEMPERATURE CAN BE OFTEN BE
DETERMINED WITHIN A CERTAIN RANGE OF ITS ACTUAL TEMPERATURE
DESIGN

• THE DESIGN ESSENTIALLY CONSIST OF A LENS TO FOCUS THE INFRARED

THERMAL RADIATION ON TO A DETECTO, WHICH CONVERTS THE RADIANT
POWER TO AN ELECTRIC SIGNAL THAT CAN BE DISPLAYED IN UNITS OF
TEMPERATURE AFTER BEING COMPENSATED FOR AMBIENT TEMPERATURE.
• THIS PERMITS TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT FROM A DISTANCE WITHOUT
CONTACT WITH THE OBJECT TO BE MEASURED
NARROW-BAND RADIATION PYROMETERS

• Narrow-band radiation pyrometers are highly stable instruments that suffer a

drift in accuracy that is typically only 1°C in 10 years. They are also less
sensitive to emissivity changes than other forms of radiation pyrometers.
• They use photodetectors of either the photoconductive or the photovoltaic
form whose performance is unaffected by either carbon dioxide or water
vapor in the path between the target object and the instrument.
• A photoconductive detector exhibits a change in resistance as the incident
radiation level changes, whereas a photovoltaic cell exhibits an induced
voltage across its terminals that is also a function of the incident radiation
level.
• All photodetectors are preferentially sensitive to a particular narrow band of
wavelengths in the range of 0.5−1.2 μm and all have a form of output that
varies in a highly nonlinear fashion with temperature, and thus a
microcomputer inside the instrument is highly desirable.
 THERMAL
PYROMETERS
PREPARED BY:
3RD CLASS E/C CAPUL, MICHAEL JAN M.
• Thermal pyrometer is a type of remote-sensing thermometer used to measure
the temperature of a surface. Various forms of pyrometers have historically
existed. In the modern usage, it is a device that from a distance determines
the temperature of a surface from the amount of the thermal radiation it
emits, a process known as pyrometry and sometimes radiometry.
• The word pyrometer was originally coined to denote a device capable of
measuring the temperature of an object by its incandescence, visible light
emitted by a body which is at least red-hot. Modern pyrometers or infrared
thermometers also measure the temperature of cooler objects, down to room
temperature, by detecting their infrared radiation flux.
A modern pyrometer has an optical system and a detector. The optical system
focuses the thermal radiation onto the detector. The output signal of the detector
(temperature T) is related to the thermal radiation or irradiance of the target
object through the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the constant of proportionality σ,
called the Stefan–Boltzmann constant and the emissivity ε of the object.