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Characteristic Impedance Contnd.: - Air Dielectric Parallel Line
Characteristic Impedance Contnd.: - Air Dielectric Parallel Line
Characteristic Impedance Contnd.: - Air Dielectric Parallel Line
• Coaxial Cable
Vp 1
Vf Vf
C r
v f velocity factor
v p propagation velocity of the line
C speed of light
r dielectric cons tan t
Response of Line
• CONDITIONS
• Step Impulses
• Assume lossless line and infinite length with Zo equal to
characteristic impedance of the line
• Discuss:
-Reflections along a line of finite length that is:
a.) Open at point of termination (end of line)
b.) Shorted at point of termination
c.) Matched load at point of termination
Open Circuited Line
• Switch is closed and followed by a surge down line.
• How much of the source voltage appears across the
source? (V/2)
• What is the state of voltage and current at the end of the
line?
• For what time frame do the initial conditions exist? (2T)
• What is the relative direction of incident and reflected
current?(opposite)
L
T
Vp
Short Circuit Line
• What is the state of voltage at the source prior to
2T? (V/2)
• What is the state of voltage and current when the
surge reaches the load? (V=0 and I depends on
system characteristics)
• What is the direction of incident and reflected
current? (same)
Pulse Input To Transmission Line
Vr
Vi
Vr Zl Zo
Vi Zl Zo
Zl Zo
Zl Zo
Traveling Waves Along A Line
d
v
t
vp
T
1
f v p f
T
L
360
Standing Waves