AMITY UNIVERSITY

UTTAR PRADESH

ADVANCED STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

SUBMITTED BY,
ANJANI KR. SINGH
B.ARCH. SEM – IX
A8304015021
ASAP, AUUP
 INTRODUCTION
Excavators and crane-shovels consist of three major assemblies: a carrier
or mounting, a revolving superstructure containing the power and control
units (also called the revolving deck or turntable), and a front-end assembly.
 HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR

• A hydraulic excavator (digger) is a large vehicle that is designed

for excavation and demolition purposes. Hydraulic excavators
consist of a chassis, boom, and bucket, and move via tracks or
wheels.

TYPES OF HYDAULIC EXCAVATOR

1.Crawler excavator

Crawler excavator runs on two endless tracks (chain wheel system).

These types of excavators are used in hilly areas where risks of
sliding of machinery are on the verge. Crawler type excavator has
low ground pressure because of spreading of load on large area.
Therefore, it is also used where soil support is weak.

2.Wheel excavator:

Wheel excavator runs on wheels and are used for excavation and
loading of dump trucks and most of the time it is only used for plain
ground operations. Because of wheel, it is not suitable for hilly areas
due to low grip value to the ground.

Crawler excavator Wheel excavator

 BACKHOE HYDAULIC EXCAVATOR

FIGURE 3-3. Components of a backhoe

hydraulic excavator.

1. Arm
2. Bucket
3. Cab
4. Shoe
5. Boom
6. Engine
7. Counterweight
8. Track frame
9. Track chain
10. Top roller
11. Bottom roller
12. Tipping links
13. Teeth & Get
 SHOVEL HYDAULIC EXCAVATOR

FIGURE 3-7. Components of a

hydraulic shovel.

1. Arm
2. Bucket
3. Cab
4. Shoe
5. Boom
FIGURE 3-8. Digging action of a
6. Engine hydraulic shovel.
7. Counterweight
8. Track frame
9. Track chain
10. Top roller
11. Bottom roller
12. Tipping links
13. Teeth & Get

FIGURE 3-9. Shovel approach methods.

EXCAVATOR ATTACHMENTS AND PARTS

BUCKETS
Buckets are the most common attachments seen on excavators. These steel
attachments have teeth-like edges that can provide digging and scooping
capabilities. Buckets come in different varieties. The most common are
ditching buckets — which is designed for grading stones — and trenching
buckets, which are used to dig trenches.
AUGER
Attaching an auger allows you to bore into the ground. Powered by hydraulic
circuits, these helical attachment have the ability to reach over objects and
drill deep holes. Augers come in different specifications and sizes for various
digging conditions and terrains — they range from 4 inches to 50 inches in
length and can dig up to 32 feet.
BREAKER
Breakers are similar to jackhammers but are much larger in size. With the
ability to provide up to 1000 pounds of impact energy, these attachments are
used to break into tougher surfaces like stone and concrete.
CLAMP
Clamps allow excavator operators to pick up large materials such as tree
stumps and concrete that are too oversized for a bucket. The attachments
can be used with buckets or as pieces in a grapple. Clamps are easy to
attach and detach from excavators.
COUPLER
Couplers allow you to quickly switch between tools and attachments without
a crew. This is handy when you are moving between different tasks and
processes on a job site.
 HYDAULIC EXCAVATOR WORK

Hydraulic excavators are entirely dependent on hydraulic systems.

The hydraulic excavator’s base consists of a track or wheeled
platform and provides transportation for the vehicle while
supporting the chassis. The chassis allows the driver to control the
hydraulic excavator by using levers to drive the vehicle, raising the
boom up and down, and controlling the bucket. Because the
chassis is built on top of the undercarriage, it is able to rotate 360
degrees. The boom and bucket are attached to the chassis, work in
conjunction to move materials, but are controlled independently.

HYDAULIC EXCAVATOR USAGE

Excavators are used in many ways:

1 .Digging of trenches, holes, foundati

2 .Material handling
3. Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments
4 .Forestry work
5 .Forestry mulching
6 .Demolition
7 .General grading/landscaping
8 .Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining
9 .River dredging
10.Driving piles, in conjunction with a pile driver
11.Drilling shafts for footings and rock blasting, by use of an auger or
hydraulic
12 .Snow removal with snowplow and snow blower attachments
ADVANTAGES
Hydraulic excavators have many advantages that allow them
to be used in the ways that they are. For example, they are
small enough to work on specific tasks within a project area
and can usually be transported from one project to another by
either being towed or stored on a large truck. Hydraulic
excavators can also take advantage of many different
attachments: a mallet for demolition purposes, a blade for
scraping, or a grapple for picking up objects. Hydraulic
excavators are also widely available and can be purchased
new or used.

DISADVANTAGES

Hydraulic excavators have few disadvantages, most of which

are expected in such a vehicle. For example, hydraulic
excavators are heavy and cannot simply be driven across
large distances or on non-reinforced roads. Likewise, they
generally use large amounts of fuel and can be a very
expensive investment, the latter being countered by the fact
that they can remain operable for decades. Additionally,
hydraulic excavators can be difficult to repair due to their
large size and many moving parts