Attention

Prepared by:-
Shraddha
gajjar
def

• It is an ability to focus
on a person, object, and
activity for a certain
period of time
 Characteristics / features
• Involve the ability to focus and use memory
• It is mind body set.
• Muscle tension & feeling of efforts
• Adjustment in nervous system.
• Increase clearness
3 aspect:
I. Adjustment of the body & sense organ
II. Clear consciousness
III. A set towards action
types

involuntary voluntary

enforced implicit

spontaneous explicit
• Enforced: natural, by birth
• Spontaneous: by learning or seeing
• Implicit: single act of will is responsible
Ex: a teacher assign the work to child and
warns of punishment, if not completed. This
make more attentive.
• Explicit: repeated act of will
Ex: keen attention in examination hall to
achieve higher
determinants
• External / Systematic form
objective:
Movement
Intensity
Location
Size
Color
Duration
contrast
novelty
Repetition
Change
Internal / subjective
 Organic need and motive: thirsty – water
 Habit: alcoholic –wine
 Interest:
 Attitude and mood
Factors that affect attention
1. Health factor: ear eye inf.
2. Environmental factors:
Situation: death,divorce, Lighting, loud noice,
touch
3. Personality factors: fatigue nutrition,
caffeine, active personality
distraction
• Alteration in attention

• Def: it is the diversion of attention of an

individual or group from a chosen object of
attention.
sources

external internal
Ill health
Noise,
Boredom
music,
fatigue
light,

temp,
types

Continuous

discontinuous
Steps to eliminate
1. Control your self
2. Use your all senses to create awareness
3. Plan and prioritise your activity
4. Motivate your self
5. Avoid unnecessary stimulation
6. Meditate
7. Be consistent in your efforts
8. Regular health check up
perception
• Def:

• It is the act of awareness by which an

organism organize and interpret the
sensation of stimulus to produce a
meaningful experience of the world.
nature
1. It is process : input –processing – output
2. It involves sensation: five senses
3. It is information extractor: receiving info.
4. It is preparation to response: ready to act
5. Provides organization: whole object not
parts
6. Highly individualized: individual difference
types
• 1. Amodal perception : whole model
• Ex: table will be perceived as a complete
volumetric structure even if only part of it is
visible.
• 2. color perception:
• 3. depth perception: view in 3 dimention
• 4. visual perception: by eye
• 5. form perception: Ability to perceive the
shapes of object and picture.
• 6. haptic perception: touch using hand
• 7. speech perception: by sound & language
• 8. pitch perception: sounds on musical scale
• 9. harmonic perception: relationship b/w
pitch values occurring at different times
Principles / laws
1. Figure ground relationship: figure and
background
Can’t perceive both figure and background at
the same time.
2. Principle of closure
• Complete the figure
3. principle of grouping
A. Principle of similarity: same perceived as a
unit
• B. principle of proximity: close- same group
• C. principle of continuity:
• D. principle of contrast
Factors affecting
• Sense organ
• Brain
• Memory image of past experience
• Personal interest
• Need and desire
Errors in perception

• Illusion
• hallucination
Summary..
Thank you