GEOLOGIC PROCESSES

INSIDE THE EARTH

OBJECTIVES:
• Describe where the Earth’s internal
heat comes from,
• Describe how magma is formed
(magmatism),
• Describe what happens after
magma is formed (plutonism and
volcanism)
 What are the three
layers of the Earth?

CRUST MANTLE
CORE
CRUST
MANTLE
OUTER CORE
INNER CORE
Which layer is the hottest?

The CORE is the hottest layer of

the earth. The heat coming from
this layer is responsible for all
CORE the GEOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
happening on our planet.
Volcanoes, Mountains, and
continents were formed because
of this internal heat.
Why is the core layer hot?
 CRUST MANTLE CORE
Composed of Made up of Made up of dense
metal, specifically,
solid rocks and mostly solid
nickel and iron. It is
minerals. It rocks and also considered as
holds all known minerals but the center and the
life forms on have areas of hottest part of the
Earth.
Earth. semi-solid
magma.
MANTLE CONVECTION
Movement of the mantle
as heat is transferred
from the core to the crust.
The temperature of the
mantle varies depending
whether it is near the
crust or near the
boundary of the core.
EARTH’S HEAT BUDGET
Drives most of the geological
processes on Earth. This measures
the flow of thermal energy coming
from the core, passing through the
mantle, and up to the atmosphere,
which is mainly due to the mantle
convection.
MAGMATISM
The activity or the motion of the magma.
Rocks that are subjected to high temperature
and pressure melt and become the magma.

Magma is a semi-
liquid molten rock
mixture that can be
found in the lower
portion of the crust
and the upper part
of the mantle.
PLUTONISM
James Hutton - developed the
idea about plutonism.
PLUTONISM
Hutton stated that the formation of
intrusive igneous rocks or plutonic
rocks came from the solidification of
magma beneath the Earth’s surface.
PLUTONISM
These rocks will reach
the Earth’s surface
through the process of
UPLIFTING - a force
that pulls the crust
apart and lets the rocks
from the underground
to be brought up.
VOLCANISM
Magma is being brought up to
the surface through a volcano.
This process of bringing up the
magma.

Any opening in the Earth’s

VOLCANO crust that allows magma
and gases to be released
in the upper crust.
VOLCANISM
 Key Points

MANTLE CONVECTION
PLUTONISM

MAGMA VOLCANO

MAGMATISM VOLCANISM