PRESENTED BY

MANORMA KUMARI
ROLL NO. 16
BASIC B.Sc. NURSING
COLLEGE OF NURSING, RIMS,
RANCHI
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
After the completion of the topic the group
will have more knowledge about hospital
and patient care unit.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
After the completion of the topic students
will be able to:

-Define hospital
-enlist objectives of hospital
-Enlist function of hospital
-classify the different types of hospital
INTRODUCTION
Hospital is a place where patients are
treated for their illness and nurses care
provided to the sick. It is a rest house for
the people. A hospital should have all the
basic facilities in terms of manpower
materials and money. Manpower consists
of regular doctor, visiting doctor, nurses,
class IV workers and other health care
team members. Material facilities include
all equipped instruments, machines linen
and other supplies.
DEFINITION OF HOSPITAL
1. WHO: Hospital is an integral part of a
social and medical organization, the
function of which is to provide for the
population complete health care, both
curative and preventive and whose
outpatient services reach out to the
family and its environment; the hospital
is also a centre for the training of
health workers and biosocial research.
2. Stedman’s Medical dictionary : Hospital
is the institution for care and cure and
3.Blakiston’s New Gold Medical
Dictionary: Hospital is an institution for
medical facilities primarily intended, is
appropriately staffed and equipped to
provide diagnostic and therapeutic service
in genera medicine and surgery or in a
circumscribed field or fields of restorative
of medical care, together with bed care,
nursing care and dietary service to the
patients requiring such care and
treatment.
OBJECTIVES OF A HOSPITAL
1. To deliver care to all patients irrespective of
any race, color, cast and socioeconomic
status.
2. To promote and restore health, and prevent
illness and complications.
3. To cure illness do improve and maintain
health.
4. To create awareness about health problems
as primary preventive approach.
5. To detect and early and diagnosis hidden
illness and treat them early to treat
complication of the detected illness.
6. To provide palliative and rehabilitation care for
chronic and terminally ill patients.
7. To maintain standers and provide quality care.
8. To uplifts the standers of nursing care and
thereby promote patient satisfaction.
9. To administer the leadership roles and
delegate task to each staff.
10. To provide quality training and education to
the health care professionals.
11 To provide opportunities of in service and
continuing education for the staffs in order it
enhance their knowledge and skills.
12 To equip and encourage or professionals to
conduct research activities in all disciplines
that contribute towards the patient care
SCOPE OF A HOSPITAL
1. Coordinate health care approach.
2. Holistic care.
3. Comprehensive or specialized care.
4. Integrated care.
5. Research or evidenced based care.
6. Continuous care.
HEALTH CARE TEAM APPROACH
An individual health care worker, whosoever he
may be, cannot meet all the treatment
requirements of a patient. A combined effort
of a number health care professional is
needed to treat a patient properly. There
needs to be esprit de corps i.e. unity or
coordinated care among the various health
care team members such as doctor nurses,
dietitian, pharmacist, other paramedical
professionals and so on.
HOLISTIC CARE
Holistic care means provision of physical or
physiological care, psychological care and
sociological care and support, spiritual care, etc.
It helps the patient to cope up with his illness,
shortness the hospital stay, increases patient
satisfaction and ultimately ensure the quality of
care.
COMPREHENSIVE CARE
It involves providing care that promotes and
maintain health, prevent illness and
complication through specialty clinics, e.g.
adult medical clinic, neurologic clinic etc.

INTEGRATD CARE
It combines both ambulatory and nonambulatory
care.
RESEARCH BASED CARE
It is the care that is based on through research,
in search of innovation. It is creative and
effective, and improves the quality of care.

CONTINUOUS CARE
Hospital care is always continuous, i.e. the
health agency is always open for any individual
and ready to provide continuous care, as
needed.
ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONS OF HOSPITALS

Reception: It receives patients with illness and

direct to OPD or emergency.

Hospital members taking care of reception are

as follows:
1. Receptionist, who is skilled in
communication skills.
2. Nurse, who will be present to clarify the
enquiry and guide the patients to which ever
department to go to. She will maintain all
kinds of registers like patient admission
register, IPD register,OPD register, staff
IN PATIENT DEPARTMENT

Nurse collects the in patient number and directs

the patient toward the specific ward, check
TPR, weight, height and anthropometric
measurement of the patient .

She also
1. Receive the patient and provide care
2. Fills the nurses record and case sheet of
patients details.
CONT..

3. Carries out all orders given by the physician.

4. Keeps the beds and patients unit clean.
5. Checks all equipment, linen and supplies, and
keeps them well stocked and in perfect working
condition.
6. Takes care of the patients until he/she get
discharged.
7. Sends the patients to diagnostic if required.
OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT

This department performs the following

functions:
 It receives the patients writes the data about
the patients, collects the history and does the
physical examination in the room specified as
per the patient’s disease condition.
 Patients will be enrolled in the OPD register,
given a number for the specific consultation
room. The patient will be guided by the nurse
to meet the doctor concerned.
CONT..

 After consultation, the doctor decides whether

the patients needs to be admitted for bedside
care or not.
 If admission is required, OPD nurse commits
the IPD nurse to get the admitted.
 OPD nurse also receives patients transferred
from other hospital, emergency department
after first aid or from other wards transfer.
CONT…

 Nurse in OPD should be alert to direct all kind

of patients, specific to ward as per their
condition.
 Nurse maintain out patients register and staff
register, and issues out patient chits or cards
to patients
ADMINISTERATIVE DEPARTMENT

The office will have chief administrative officer

and also have
 Assistant officer (1)
 Secretary(1)
 Treasury(1)
 Clerks(2)
 Accountants(2or3)
 Peons(2)
 Sweepers(2)
THEIR FUNCTIONS:

Providing salary and reimbursement to all the

staff in the hospital,
Maintaining and repairing the hospital buildings
requirements.
Providing finance for all kind of expenditure
made in the hospital welfare.
Supervising the work of all the staff.
Coordinating with chief medical officer and
nursing superintendent to ensure the smooth
functioning of the hospital.
CONT..

Conducting medical and nursing audit.

Reporting all the functions, problems to the
governing board, providing leadership ,
delegating the work to all members of the
hospital.
NURSING DEPARTMENT

The nurses here are trained nurses, who have

completed G.N.M., B.SC. NURSING, M.SC
NURSING, P.B.BSC NURSING.
They are registered with the nursing council and
are appointed in specific department in the
hospital.
According to the INC nurse-patient ratio, nursing
superintendent should allocate nurses as
follows:
CONT….

Nurse patient ratio for

teaching hospital (1:5)
Non-teaching hospital(1:3)
General ward (1:6)
Special ward(1:4)
NICU (1:2)
ICU (1:1)
Labour room (1:1 per table)
OT
 Measure OT (1:2 per table)
 Minor OT (1:1 per table)
Casualty
 Staff nurses for 24 hrs. (1:1 per shift for every 100 patients per day)
CONT…

In OPD (injection room): if patient attendance in

more then 100 patients
 Per day 1 staff nurse
 For increase 120-122 patients -2 staff nurse
 For increase at 221-320 patients -3 staff
nurse
 For increase at 321-420 patients-4staff nurse
According to TNAI and INC, nursing supridentend follows
the hospital bed strength to allocate the nurses .as
per the norm, staff is delegated as follows
a) Chief nursing officer(CNO)…….1/500 beds
b) Nursing superintendent …1/100 beds
c) Deputy nursing superintendent 1 for 100-150 beds
d) Ward sister incharge 1 for every 25-35 beds
e) Staff nurses are allocated 1 for each 3 beds in
general ward of a teaching hospital and 1 for 5 beds
in a non teaching hospital.
CENTRAL STERILE AND SUPPLY DEPARTMENT

This is the main department responsible for

supplying sterile equipment to the all the
department .
It maintaining stoke and registers.
It segregating trays articles, linens and supplies
that are auto cleaned packed, labeled and
readied to be sent to each department.
DIAGNOSTIC DEPARTMENT

This include laboratory that has a chief

technique assistant who collects the
diagnostic chits, performs the specific tests
and give results back.
If needed he go to bed side and collects a
specimen and make sure that the results
reach the specific department.
They maintain separate patient registers for IPD
and OPD.
This department has many divisions like
separate laboratories for all kinds of invasive
tests, X-ray department MRI, CT scan etc.
BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

They maintain and repair the instruments and

machines that are used in the specific wards
e.g. ventilation equipment, defibrillation
equipments etc.
DIETARY DEPARTMENT

This department supplying the right diet to the

all patients in the hospital.
The chief head of the department will coordinate
with all the health team members in the
hospital to plan the diet for the patient in
need.
She always make sure that all the patients get
by hygienically prepared right meal in right
amount.
EMERGENCY OR CASUALTY

This is a 24 hour working department equipped

with machines, beds cots and staff.
An ambulance vehicle is always ready to collect
a patient under emergency conditions.
There is always an emergency team that keeps
ready ;it include the doctor in charge ,
emergency staff nurse, ward boys, anesthetist
etc.
They also maintain their staff and patient
registers.
OPERATION THEATRE(OT), RECOVERY ROOM

It is the place where surgery is performed for the

patients in need of it.
Visitors are restricted to the OT.
The nurse in charge looks after the OT functions;
She coordinates with the OT chief doctor,
plans operation schedules and accordingly
keep the OT theatre ready.
There is a circulating nurse and scrubbing nurse,
both of whom assist in functioning of the OT
CONT..

They receive the sterilized operation instruments

from the CSSD maintain the cleanliness of the
OT and call the specialist surgeon about the
patient to be operated, report the patient
condition after surgery to the post operative
ward sister, and maintain instrument register,
linen and supply register, staff enrolment
register etc.
SPECIALIZED DEPARTMENT

The intensive care unit (ICU), the intensive

coronary care unit (ICCU), the intensive
medical care unit (IMCU) and the neonatal
intensive care unit (NICU) are the specialized
care units in the hospital.
Here the patients with serious condition are
treated with specialized equipment, e.g.
ventilator, defibrillator, pulse oxymetry ,cardiac
monitor, suction apparatus etc.
Visitors are restricted in this department.
The ICU nurse is specialized and trained to look
after patients with serious illness. She
BIOMEDICAL WASTE DEPARTMENT

They are responsible to eradicate the west that

is brought out form the hospital.
Members under this are coordinated by the
nurse in charge, who ensure that the wastes
are disposed appropriately in separate
contagious bags. Incineration is used to
dispose and burn the west emerging from the
hospital.
ISOLATION UNITS

This department is kept at a distance from main

building of the hospital.
It admits patients with communicable diseases
such as tuberculosis, leprosy, gastroenteritis,
HIV ,etc.
There is a separate infection control nurse in
charge and an isolation nurse in charge who
ensure that all the staff nurse follow barrier
techniques, i.e. medical asepsis before and
after nursing care, provide good care to all the
patients and maintain staff enrolment
register, patients register diet drug register,
equipment supplies register etc.
POST MORTERM ROOM OR AUTOPSY

This is place where the dead patients are

brought for post mortem.
Chief medical officer (CMO) evaluates the post
mortem, autopsy is done by the class-IV
worker who is trained in his function.
Post mortem staff also coordinate with forensic
department to identify problematic case.
A nurse assist the doctor in writing a autopsy
report.
The dead body is stored in the cold chamber.
Death certificate is issued by the autopsy team.
FORENSIC DEPARTMENT

This department has a doctor specialized in

forensic medicine, an in charge and a forensic
nurse assistant for testing.
It coordination with autopsy department, cases
under CBI and all case of medico legal cases.
PHARMACY

This is the medical store in the hospital, which

keeps open 24 hours.
It makes available the medicines required by
the patients and the hospitals.
PHYSIOTHERAPY

Physiotherapy is the other wing of the hospital.

It provides physiotherapy for the patient. Post-
operative patients are given physiotherapy in
order to improve their activities of body living.
RESEARCH DEPARTMENT

It conducts the research activities to improve the

quality of care.
Research ethical review committee (RERC)
validates the research ensure the safety
during patient care.
COUNSELLING DEPARTMENT

It provides guidance for the patients, e.g. family

planning, HIV test guidance genetic
counseling etc.
A psychologist, psychiatrist, specialist in
guidance and counseling and a nurse provide
this guidance and counseling.
HOUSE KEEPING

House keeping in charge responsible for

maintaining the safety and security of the
patients. He or she makes frequent round and
supervises the work of sweepers and
attendants, ensure the cleanliness of the
hospital and control the activities of the
sweepers and security guard.
LAUNDRY DEPARTMENT

They do washing and cleaning of patient’s

dresses etc and make sure that it reaches the
specific wards in time. They maintain the
incoming and outgoing register.
REHABLITATION CENTRE

At this center the patient who are mentally

retarded, mentally affected or physically
handicapped are given care and training.
NURSING STATION

There are nursing station at each ward where

the nurse stay and supervise the work of the
ward. They maintain the case sheet of the all
patients kept in the ward.
Nurse rest room, present near the nursing
station, is used by the nurses to have food and
rest.
OTHER IMPORTANT DEPARTMENT ARE PRESENT IN
THE WARD ARE:
Blood bank-1
Pediatric OPD-1 Immunization clinic
Eye OPD
ENT OPD
Cardiac lab-1
Bronchoscopy lab
Preanaesthetic OPD
Family planning OPD
Medical OPD
Central OPD
Central sample collection centre
CONT..

Orthopedic OPD
Obstetric and gynecology OPD
X-ray OPD
Skin OPD
Venereal disease centre
Chemotherapy OPD
Neurology OPD
Psychiatry OPD
Genitourinary
CLASSIFICATION OF HOSPITALS

Hospital can be classified on the basis of

structure, function, performance or
community services.
BASED ON THE WONERSHIP
1. Public hospitals
2. Voluntary hospitals
Private/charitable/nursing homes
3. Corporate hospitals.
1. PUBLIC HOSPITAL
They are run by the state or central governments.

2.VOLUNTARY HOSPITAL
These are hospitals established under the societies
Registration act, 1860, the public trust Act,1882,
or any other appropriate Act of central or state
governments.

Private hospitals are run with public or private funds

on a noncommercial basis.
3.PRIVATE HOSPITALS
These are run by individual doctors or group of doctors on business or commercial
lines.

4.CORPORATE HOSPITALS
These are big chain of hospitals being run as commercial firms established as per the
rules of the companies act.
BASED ON THE PATIENT LENGTH OF THE STAY

1.hospitals for the short term stay for acute illness

2.Hospitals for long term stay- for chronic illness e.g.
leprosy, tuberculosis etc.

BASED ON THE LICENSE TO TREAT

1. General hospital-It has to treat all illnesses.
2. Nursing homes- They have to treat some specific
illness.
BASED ON SIZE
1.Teaching hospital – 500 beds
2.District hospitals – 200 beds
3. Taluka hospital – 50 beds
4.Primary health centre – 6 to 10 beds

BASED ON OBJECTIVES
1.Educating cum research hospitals
2.General hospital – treatment for all illness
3.Specialised hospitals – Treatment for specific
illness.
4.Isolation hospital – hospital for infection and
communicable illness.
BASED ON ADMINISTRATION
1.Hospitals administered by the union government.
2.Hospital administered by the state government.
3.Hospital administered by local bodies.
4. Independent or autonomous hospitals
5.Private hospitals.

BASED ON THE INDIGENOUS SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

1.Allopathic hospital
2.Ayurvedic hospital
3.Homiopathic hospital
4.Unani hospital
SUMMARY
We hade discussed about hospital and patient
care unit. Hospital is a place where sick
people come for there treatment .Objective of
the hospital is to provide holistic care
irrespective of race, color, cast and
socioeconomic status. The combined effort of
a number health care professional is needed
to treat a patient. In the hospital there are
many departments like administration
department nursing department central sterile
and supply department, emergency
department, diagnostic department etc, and
all department has individual work
EVALUATION
• Define hospital.
• What are the objectives of the hospital?
• Enlist the functions of the hospital.
• What are the functions of chief nursing
officer?
• Classify the different types of hospitals.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Clement I ;Management of nursing services and Education; 2nd edition; reed Elsevier
India Private Limited; page no. 143-150
Kumari Neelam :Atextbook of management of nursing services and education ;2 nd
edition ;2015 S.V.ikas and company (Medical publishers)India ,Bikrampura
;Tanda road ;page no :164-166.
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