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SHORTWALL MINING
• SHORTWALL MINING is the modification of
longwall retreating method in which already
developed pillars on BORD AND PILLAR
method are extracted/depillaring with
longwall equipment is called the SHORTWALL
MINING

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 There is lot of safety to persons working in short wall
pannel because of high capacity supports.
 There is no loss of coal in place of ribs as supporting .
 The strata controlling problems can be over come by
analyzing the strata behavior with the help of strata
monitoring instruments .
 The ventilation of the face is easy because of single face
under extraction.
 Man power is approximately 30 persons per one shift.
 The OMS is easily around 5-7

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All the machinery used in long wall mining are
used in this system also, they are
1.DERD SHEARER
2.POWERED ROOF SUPPORTS (CHOCK SHIELDS)
3.ARMOURED FLEXIBLE CONVEYOR (AFC)
4.BEAM STAGE LOADER (BSL)
5.CONVEYOR BELTS
6.HYDRUALIC OC PROPS (40TE CAPACITY)
7.HYDRUALIC POWER PACK
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Armoured Face Conveyor

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6
SHEARER CUTTING

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BEAM STAGE LOADER (BSL)

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 Equipment Details
• Powered Roof supports
– Type of Support : 4 Leg Chock Shield
– Capacity : 760 te.
– Support range : 2.2 – 3.4m
– Canopy Length : 4.3 m
– Width : 1.5m
– Support Density : 119.9 te/m2 (Before Cut)
105 te/m2 (After Cut)
– Setting Pressure : 290 bar
– Yielding Pressure : 387 bar
– Weight : 20.05Te.
– Leg Stroke : 1.195 m
• Shearer:
– Cutting Height : 2.0 – 3.5m
– Drum dia. : 1.8m
– Drum speed : 36.5 rev/min
– Web Depth : 656mm
– Total picks per drum : 66 nos.
– Power : 2x300 Kw
– Operating voltage : 1100 V
– Haulage Speed : 0-6.2m/min

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 METHOD OF WORKING
A pannel of 600 m length is laid in level direction and
the face is laid in the dip raise direction of length
various from 70m to 110m.
The lower level is used as main gate and upper level is
used as tailgate.
The face is laid in dip raise direction at angle of
10degrees to control the creep.
Powered roof supports of 4x760te capacity are used
along the face.
Shearer will cut the coal in uni-directional sequence.
The coal is transported through series of connected
belt conveyors.

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 SHORTWALL PANNEL

GOAF

10o
Powered Support
Shortwall Face
Inclination 10o

B B
A A
R R
R R
I I
E E
R R
INDEX
Roof bolts1.8m long (19-22mm dia)
Cable bolts 2.7m long (19/21mm dia)
Hydraulic Props (40T) in the junctions
Powered support in advance gallerie
O/C props at 1.5m interval upto 30m ahead of the
face in the gate roads

Tail Gate Main

Gate 11
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14
15
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CHOCK SHIELDS SUPPORTING AT FACE

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 SUPPORTING SYSTEM
Powered roof supports are used as means of supporting
at face.
These are placed along the face from maingate to tail
gate.
The supports should cover and protect the AFC &
SHEARER
The supports should be of 4x760te capacity
The chock shields have a support density of 1206kN/sqm
GRP bolts are drilled into the sides of pillars gate roads to
resist side falling

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 PURPOSE OF POWERED ROOF SUPPORTS

• To provide a safe working area for the operations.

• To resist vertical loading.
• To resist lateral movement.
• To provide protection from waste flushing.
• To advance the AFC/snaking.
• To be self advancing.
• To provide a safe travelling path along the face line.
• To provide for adequate ventilation through the face.

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 Specifications of supports
• Maximum Height : 3400mm
• Minimum Height : 2200mm
• Support Width : 1500 mm
• Setting Load : 6185 KN
• Yield Load : 7600 KN
• Support Density : 1.206 KN/Sq.m
(1.2Mpa)
• Support Resistance- Pre Cut : 119.9T/Sq.m
• Support Resistance- Post Cut :105.0 T/Sq.m
• Floor Contact Pressure : 3.1 Mpa 22
Gallery
Support RIB
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 Proposed Support system in Advanced Galleries/Gate
roads
 4 nos. of powered supports two in each immediate outbye Dip/Rise gallery ,
positioned near MG and advanced to TG along with retreat of the face.
 2nos. Powered supports ,one in each level gallery near the face.
 These powered supports are aimed to negotiate abutment pressure & for the
stability of triangular rib.
 Apart from the above the following additional supports is
envisaged
1. All the galleries will be supported by 1.8m long roof bolts at 1.2m interval in
the same row and 1.5 m interval between two rows
2. 2.7m cable bolting at 1.0 m interval in the same row and 1.5 m interval
between two rows
3. Junctions will be supported with 4 Nos. of 40 te hydraulic props
4. Main gate & Tail gate will be supported by two rows of 40 te O.C. props at 1.5 m
interval upto 30 m from the face

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 Ventilation
• Main gate is used as intake and tail gate is used as return
air way.
• Ascensional type of ventilation is used.
• Velocity of air current shall be at least 1m/s or 60M/min
• Quantity of air current shall be
= 1500 X 2.5 = 3750cu.m/min {OR}
6cu.mx35persons=210cu.m/min
• The average quantity at the face should be more than
3850cu.m/min
• Ventilation stopping should be constructed in the
advanced galleries to course the air up to the face.

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 PROBLEMS ASOCIATED WITH
SHORTWALL MINING

STRATA CONTROL PROBLEMS

CREEP

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Strata monitoring instrumentation

PURPOSE :

1. to monitor the behavior of the strata

2. to monitor the performance of supports
provided & adequacy of supports
3. to warn of the falls/unstable conditions
4. to check data assumptions
5. to generate data for future assumptions

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 TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS USED SHORTWALL

 Remote convergence indicator (RCI)

 Dual height telltale
 Telescopic convergence indicator(TCI)
 Stress capsules
 Continues pressure recorder (CPR)

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Instrumentation Contain

Typical Dual Height Telltale

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 Instrumentation Contain

Colour Graduation

A + B = Total movement A Green

Red
Yellow 20mm
60mm
0mm
40mm
B Yellow
Green
Red 20mm
55mm
20mm
40mm
B Green 0mm
TOTAL 40mm
115mm
60mm
80mm
TOTAL 20mm
B
B
B = movement above
bolted height

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A 20
30
10
40
20
A = movement within 50
30
bolted height 60
40
70
50
30 A
60
40
10
30
70
50
20
40
60
30
10
50
20
70
60
40
30
10
50
70
40 B
60
70

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 Daily report of telltale
1 Anchor 2 Anchor

Distance
Date from face
in MTRS
Day Cum.. Day Cum..

Initial Day Initial Day

Reading Reading deform deform Reading Reading deform deform Remarks

1-Sep

33.60 0 6 Installed

2-Sep

29.90 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0

3-Sep

28.30 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0

4-Sep

25.70 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0

5-Sep

22.30 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0

6-Sep

17.30 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0

7-Sep
31
13.30 0 0 0 0 6 6 0 0
 CPR

CPR graphpaper
CPR cover

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 CONTINUES PRESSURE RECORDER
• This is used to know how much pressure
acting on a chock shield during 24 hours.
• It was fixed to the leg of the chock shield.
• We came to know the pressure acted on a
chock shield with the help of graph paper in
the CPR.
• The CPR will record the pressure during 24
hours
• There is one needle in the CPR which will
draw the graph of pressure
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 CONVERGENCE
• We can know the convergence of roof and floor
with the help of convergence.
• We will grout a bolt of 6ft in floor and 3ft in
roof .
• We will take the initial reading i.e., the distance
between the two rods.
• The next readings will be compared to this
reading so we can calculate the difference
between the two readings.
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 DAILY CONVERGENCE REPORT

LOCATION: date:

Distance from the face In meters

date Convergence today

Reading in mm progress difference remarks
initial final
4/Sep 32 13.8
5/Sep 28.8 13.8 13.8 0 0
6/Sep 24.6 13.8 13.7 1 1
7/Sep 23.3 13.7 13.7 0 1

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 CREEP
• The face equipment SHEARER, CHOCK
SHIELDS, AFC, BSL will move with respect to
the main gate Centre line is called CREEP.
There are two types of creep
• 1.Positive creep.
• 2.Negative creep.

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 PRODUCTION
• The face length is 101metres.
• The average production per one cut will be
around 160T – 200T.
• Around 8 cuts per day, production per day will
be around 1200T to 1500T and production per
month will come around 30000T.
• Output per man shift (OMS) is 5te

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 MANPOWER

Production Shift
1. Under Manager 1
2. Engineer 1
3. Over man 1
4. Mining Sirdar 1
5. Shearer Operator 2 6. Multi
Job Workmen 6 7. Face
fitters 3 8. Face
Electricians 1 9. Out bye belt
Fitters 1 10. Out bye
Electricians 1 11. Helpers
4 12. Conveyor Operators
4 13. cleaning 4
-------------
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 CONCLUSION
1. Shortwall Mining is only alternate for bulk production
to extract the already developed areas by Board &
Pillar method.
2. It provides higher safety, faster rate of extraction, and
improves coal recovery and productivity.
3. it is proposed on experimental basis by utilizing the
existing Chinese longwall equipment after
refurbishment.
4. Based on the successful implementation of the
Shortwall mining technology, replication in other
mines for faster liquidation of standing pillars can be
thought of.

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Thank you...

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