A TECHNICAL SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

ROLLING PROCESS
Presented by
Akash Deep Keshari
Reg. No.: 1601227627
Sec: - 7ME-3’B’

Department of Mechanical Engineering

C. V. Raman College of Engineering
Bhubaneswar
August 2019
 ROLLING
• Rolling is the plastic deformation of
materials caused by compressive force
applied through a set of rolls.
• The cross section of the work piece is
reduced by the process. The material
gets squeezed between a pair of rolls,
as a result of which the thickness gets
reduced and the length gets increased .
• The concept is similar to the rolling of
dough.
 ROLLING MILLS

• 1. Two-high mill
• 2. Three-high mill
• 3. Four-high mill
 ROLLING MILLS (CONTINUED.)

• 4. Cluster Mill
• 5. Planetary mill
 TYPES OF ROLLING

• 1. Hot Rolling : Hot rolling is a metal

working process that occurs above the
recrystallization temperature of the
material.
• Hot rolling is used mainly to produce
sheet metal or simple cross sections,
such as rail tracks.
• It will reduce the average grain size of
metal, this improves the strength of
material.
 TYPES OF ROLLING

• 2. Cold Rolling: Cold rolling occurs with the

metal below its recrystallization temperature
(usually at room temperature), which increases
the strength via strain hardening up to 20%.
• It also improves the surface finish and holds
tighter tolerances.
• Because of the smaller size of the workpieces and
their greater strength, as compared to hot rolled
stock, four-high or cluster mills are used.
• The initial breakdown of ingots into blooms &
billets is generally done by hot-rolling. And then
cold-rolling is to be done to get good st1rface
fmish and close control over dimension.
 DEFECTS IN ROLLING

• 1. Surface Defects: Surface defects are provided from

impurities and inclusion in the material surface, roll marks, dirt,
rust and other cause related to prior treatment and working of
metal.
2. Internal Structural Defects:
The internal structural defects are:
• Wavy Edges
• Zipper cracks in center of strip
• Edge Cracks
• Alligatoring
 INTERNAL STRUCTURAL DEFECTS

• Wavy Edges: These are the result of roll bending. The strip is thinner along its edge than at
its center. Because the edges elongate more than the center
• Edge Cracks: The cracks occurred on edge of hot roll coil due to excess amount of
quenching effect. Origin defects are:
Strip edge are cooled with excess water.
Un- flatness leading to water carryover.
• Alligatoring : It is a complex phenomenon and can be caused due to non uniform
deformation during rolling or by the presence of defects in the original cast billet.
• Zipper Cracks: These defects are caused due to bending of rolls under the rolling pressure.
This causes tensile stress in the center and compressive stress in the edges. These defects are
caused due to non-homogeneous plastic deformation of metal across the width.
 ADVANTAGES
• Hot Rolling:
 Hot rolling can greatly reduce energy consumption and costs.
 The metal plastic deformation is high during hot rolling, and the deformation resistance is low, which
reduces the energy consumption of metal deformation.
 Hot rolling can improve the processing performance of metals and alloys. That is, the coarse grains during
foundry are broken, the cracks are healed, the casting defects are reduced or eliminated.
• Cold Rolling:
 Fast forming speed, high yield, and no damage coating.
 It can be made into a variety of cross-section forms to meet the requirements of use conditions.
 Cold rolling can make the steel produce a large plastic deformation, thus improving the yield point of the
steel.
 DISADVANTAGES
• Hot Rolling:
 After hot rolling, non-metallic inclusions (mainly sulfides and oxides, as well as silicates) inside the steel are
pressed into thin sheets, causing delamination (sandwich).
 Residual stress caused by uneven cooling. The residual stress is the internal self-phase equilibrium stress
without external force. The hot-rolled steel of various sections has such residual stress. The larger the section
size of the general section steel, the larger the residual stress.
 The thickness of the hot rolled product is difficult to control and the control precision is relatively poor.

Cold Rolling:
 Although there is no hot plastic compression in the forming process, residual stresses still exist in the cross section,
which inevitably affect the overall and local buckling characteristics of the steel.
 The cold rolled steel style is generally open section, which makes the free torsion stiffness of the section lower.
 APPLICATIONS

 Truck frames
 Automotive clutch plates, wheels and wheel rims
 Pipes and tubes
 Water heaters
 Agricultural equipment
 Strappings
 Stampings
• Uses for cold-rolled steel include metal furniture, desks, filing cabinets, tables, chairs,
motorcycle exhaust pipes
THANK YOU