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RBC Seminar
RBC Seminar
• RBC
• Normal Count
• Composition
• Functions
• Fragility
• Variations
• Fate &
Lifespan
DIMENSIONS
• Shape: Biconcave
• Volume: 87um3
Advantages of Biconcave Shape of RBCs:
•Flexibilty of RBC
•Minimal tension when the volume of cell alters.
Spectrin
- a contractile protein
• 35% Hemoglobin
• 2.5% :
-Sugar – Glucose
• Respiratory
• Age
• Gender
• High altitude
• Exercise
• Temperature
• Meal
Decrease in count:
High barometric pressure
Pregnancy
sleep
Pathological variations:
Increase: Polycythemia
Decrease: Anaemia
VARIATIONS IN SHAPE
• Pathological conditions:
Site of erythropoiesis:
- Hepatic stage
- Myeloid stage
1. General factors:
-Erythropoietin
-Thyroxine
-Hypoxia
2. Maturation factors:
-Folic acid
HEMOGLOBIN
• Hb is the iron containing coloring pigment of RBC
• Normal value:
• Globin is made up of 4
polypeptide chains – 2 alpha and 2 beta
chains.
Types of Hemoglobin :
• Abnormal derivatives:
-Carboxyhemoglobin (1-3 %)
Females – 42%
RBCINDICES
• MCV (MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME)
– The average volume of single RBC
Hb in gm%
MCH = 10pg
RBC count (million/cu mm)
Hb in gm%
MCHC = 100
PCV per 100ml blood
Etiologic classification
• Polycythemia
Polycythemia Vera
Relative polycythemia
Secondary polycythemia
ANEMIA
• Anemia is defined as Hb concentration in blood below the
lower limit of the normal range for the age and sex of the
individual.
1. Hemorrhagic anemia
2. Hemolytic anemia
4. Aplastic anemia
• Pallor of mucosa
• Angular cheilitis
• Ulcerations
• Slow healing
Diagnosis:
• Clinical – Koilonychia, angular cheilitis, depapillation of
tongue
Management:
• Iron supplement: oral ferrous fumerate or ferrous sulphate
Clinical Features:
• Correction of anemia
• Autosomal dominant
Fever/ sepsis
Strokes
Severe anemia
Hematuria
Osteomyelitis
• Calcified canals
• gingivitis or periodontitis.*
1. α-thalassemia
2. β-thalassemia.
• In normal hemoglobin, number of α and β polypeptide chains is
equal.
• Poor healing
• Discoloration of dentin
General management (GHOMS )
• Blood transfusion
• Types:
o Polycythemia Vera
o Relative Polycythemia
o Secondary Polycythemia
POLYCYTHEMIA VERA
• Polycythemia rubra vera / Osler’s disease / Erythremia /
Vaquez’s disease
Clinical Features:
• Spleen is palpable
• CLINICAL FEATURES
• GI pain
• Headache
• Parasthesia
• Fatigue
• Weakness
• Visual disturbances
• Tinnitus
•Oral manifestations:
• Purplish red discoloration
of mucosa
• Glossitis
• Petechiae
Management:
• Venesection: done at periodic intervals to remove 500-600ml
of blood. Also called Phlebotomy.
*Anaemia ‘a silent killer’ among women in India: Present scenario Kawaljit Kaur . Euro J
Zool Res, 2014, 3 (1):32-36
CONCLUSION
• Red blood cells play an important role in our health by
carrying fresh oxygen throughout the body.
• Most people don't think about their red blood cells unless they
have a disease that affects these cells. Problems with red blood
cells can be caused by illnesses or a lack of iron or vitamins in
the diet. Some diseases of the red blood cells are inherited.
• Anemia is the most common disorder of the blood with it
affecting about a quarter of people globally.