Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TOC Project Management
TOC Project Management
Fundamentals Certificate
• Projects Are:
Usually Late
Have Too Many Changes
Often Over Budget
Lots of Rework
Many Priority Battles
Resources Not Available When Needed
Jeopardize Scope for Cost or Schedule
Meet original
commitments
Not jeopardize
the original Do not trim the
Thanks to Rees Furbeck who commitment for content or take
prepared some of these graphics content within expensive
original budget corrective action
© Washington State University-2010 8
Change Problems
Story: We make changes to satisfy the requirements of
our customers. The problem is that these changes
jeopardize the original commitments for schedule and
budget
Satisfy our
Make changes
commitment to
during the
provide what our
project
customers need
Meet original
commitments
Meet original
commitments
Meet original
commitments
Not compensate
Not jeopardize any
for early mis-
other original
estimations /
commitment
mis-calculations
+ =
+ Watch Simulation
01
Assembly: If one
is late, they are
all late.
+ =
+
Watch Simulation
02
© Washington State University-2010 15
Resource Conflict
Watch Simulation
04
© Washington State University-2010 16
Look at a Real Project
Sim 5
Commitment
70 Days
Watch Simulation 05
Commitment
70 Days
Actual
72 Days
Commitme
nt 70 Days
Task Duration
Distribution for
Activity A1
Theoretical and
Actual
Simulation Data
50% Estimate
85% Estimate
Time ->
© Washington State University-2010 21
Skewed Distribution for Sim 6a
Task Duration
Distribution for
Activity A1
Theoretical and
Actual
Simulation Data
Commitme
nt 70 Days
Commitme
nt 77 Days
Scheduled at
75% Probability
Commitment
91 Days
Scheduled @
85% Probability
Commitment
112 Days
6a
Student
Syndrome
Normal level of effort
Assigned Due Date
© Washington State University-2010 28
I hate Student Syndrome!
Appearance:
Boy are
We Good!
We made our
Due Dates!
© Washington State University-2010 31
Now Add Student Syndrome
Sim 06, Tasks Scheduled @ 18 days (85% confidence), only
25% report early completion, and late starting (Student
Syndrome and Parkinson’s Law)
Expected Completion:
7*18 day=126 Days
© Washington State University-2010 32
Student Syndrome and 75%
Erroneous Reporting
Distribution used
to simulate individual
task duration. Only
25% of the time were
true times reported.
85% Probability
Commitment
133 Days (Scheduled 19 days
for each Task)
Commitment
(Scheduled 22 days
154 Days for each Task)
Simulation 9a
Multi-Project
Student Syndrome
75% Erroneous
Reporting,
90% Estimate
Resources Shift
and stay until
complete (one
task delays another).
90% Probability
Commitment 154
Days
Project 1 as first
Priority:
Scheduled 154
Task Duration
22 Days
My Assignments
Stagger based on
de-conflicting
Red Resources
(others may conflict
between projects)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Buffer
Due Date
Buffer
Eliminate waste
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Buffer
Due Date
After: 50% Estimate Notice, we are
Completion Distribution
only changing the
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Buffer schedule.
Actual work
distributions are the
Due Date same. If we finish
early, we can capture
the advantage.
© Washington State University-2010 56
We can buffer the variability of activities along
the Critical Chain, but where else?
1 2 3 4 5 6 Buffer
Due
7 8 9 10
Date
1 2 3 4 5 6 Buffer
Due Date
7 8 9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 Buffer
Due Date
7 8 9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 Buffer
Due Date
7 8 9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 Buffer
Due Date
7 8 9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 Buffer
Due Date
7 8 9
10
1 2 3 4 5 6 Buffer
Due Date
7 8 9
10
Commitment 95
Simulation 08
Days
Project Buffer
Critical Chain
Feeder Buffers
Resource Buffers
End of Buffer 95
50% Completion
No Multi-Tasking
Buffer Management
Previous
Median
Expected
Third Project
Median 216
90%@245
Expected
Feeder Project
A 20 C 10 Buffer F5 Buffer
B 15 D 10
B 15 E 10
• Prioritize work
• Avoid scheduling conflicts
• Schedule Aggressively (remove wasted safety)
• Insert adequate safety in the right places (less
than that taken out)
• Communicate Time Remaining
• Manage Resources according to Buffer Status
• Sequence multiple project on strategic resource
with large buffer.
~
Applies to processes where Touch time=Flow time.