ACOUSTICS

Study of acoustical property of

CHURCH

YEAR 2018-19
SEM 5th
SUBMITTED BY
SWAPNIL PAUL
 ABOUT Church of
Christ the
 THE SHAPE OF A CHURCH WHOLLY DEPENDS UPON king,
THE DESIGN. Ireland
 THEY HAVE HIGH CEILINGS, COMAPRE TO THE
CAPACITY OF THE CHURCH.
 WORSHIP FACILITY ARE MOST COMMON TO USE
ACOUSTICAL TREATMENT.
Jubilee
 ALSO, THE WORSHIP SPACE IS USED FOR SERMONS Church,
AND GATHERINGS. Italy
 THE IRONY IS THAT THEIR ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN IS
OFTEN COUNTERPRODUCTIVE TO THIS PURPOSE

Church of the
Nativity, St. martin
Bethlehem Church,
London
 PROBLEMS
 HIGH CEILINGS, OPEN LAYOUTS AND MANY LARGE WINDOWS AND WALLS
ARE COMON.
 BUT, TODAY’S DIGITAL AUDIO TECHNOLOGY THEY CREATE A LARGE
REVERBRATION TIME, RT60Db.

CATHEDRAL OF MILAN, ITALY REYKJAVIK CATHEDRAL, ICELAND

 TREATMENT
 SOUND ABSORBING MATERIALS LIKE ACOUSTICAL FOAM, PANNELS, CURTAINS AND
POROUS MATERIALS.
 ACOUSTICAL PANELS MAKE THE MOST SENSE, BECAUSE THEY LOOK FINISHED, ARE
UNOBTRUSIVE, AND CAN BE INSTALLED ONTO A WALL OR SUSPENDED HORIZONTALLY OR
VERTICALLY FROM A CEILING, ADDRESSING PROBLEM AREAS.
 WHEN ACOUSTICAL PANELS ARE SUSPENDED PARALLEL TO THE CEILING THEY ARE CALLED
CLOUDS; WHEN THEY ARE SUSPENDED PERPENDICULAR THEY ARE CALLED BAFFLES.
 ACOUSTICAL PANELS ARE NOW COMMONLY CUSTOM-MADE IN DIFFERENT SHAPES WITH
COUNTLESS COLORS AND TEXTURES OF FABRIC.

P
O
R
O
U
ACOUSTICAL S
CLOUDS ACOUSTICAL BAFFLES
CASE STUDY
 ST. MICHAEL CHURCH
AT Cluj-Napoca in Romania
 IT’S DESIGN BASED ON GREEK CROSS AND IT’S A CATHOLIC CHURCH.CONSTRUCTION
STARTED IN 1996 AND ENDED IN 2007.
 IT HAS A LENGTH OF 39M AND WIDTH OF 21M AND HAVE A HEIGHT OF 18M.
 THE VOLUME IS APPROX 3000M^3 AND CAPACITY OF 245 SEATS.
 STRUCTURE IS MADE UP OF RCC FRAME WITH INFILLED BRICKS AND INTERIOR ARE
PLASTERED AND PAINTED.
 GROUND FLOOR IS COVERED WITH MARBLE.
 FURNITURES ARE MADE OF WOOD AND WINDOWS ARE MADE OF PVC PROFILES.
ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
 IT IS CARRIED OUT IN TWO METHOD 1)ELECTRONIC 2)
THEORITICAL
 FOR ELECTRONIC, THEY USED BRÜEL & KJÆR, CONSISTED IN A
SOUND SOURCE CONFIGURED DODECAHEDRAL WHICH
RADIATED SOUNDS IN A SPHERICAL DISTRIBUTION, A
MICROPHONE WITH PREAMPLIFIER DESIGNED FOR HIGH-
PRECISION MEASUREMENTS PLACED ON A TRIPOD, A SOUND
LEVEL CALIBRATOR, AN AMPLIFIER AND A PORTABLE SYSTEM
FOR DATA PROCESSING.
 THE SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS WERE EMITTED HIGH ENOUGH TO
ENSURE A DESCENDING CURVE, ON THE CORRESPONDING
FREQUENCY, AT LEAST 35 DB HIGHER THAN THE BACKGROUND
NOISE.
 THE MEASUREMENTRESULTS WERE NOT INFLUENCED BY
OCCUPANCY CONDITIONS. THE RELATIVE AIR HUMIDITY IN THE
ROOM WAS RECORDED AT THE VALUE OF 60% AND THE
TEMPERATURE OF 10º C.
ANALYSIS
 THE REVERBERATION TIME
VALUES HAVE BEEN
CALCULATED ON EACH
FREQUENCY FROM 125 TO
4000 HZ IN ONE-THIRD
OCTAVE BANDS FOR EACH
RECEPTION POINT.
 THE SOUND WAVES WERE
EMITTED RADIALLY IN THE
HALL. THE MICROPHONE
RECEIVED THE EMITTED
SOUND WAVES IN THE
ESTABLISHED POSITIONS. THE
ANALYSER COMPUTED THE
ACOUSTIC SIGNAL FROM THE
MICROPHONE, SENDING IT
TO THE PC.
THEORETICAL MEASUREMENT
 Sabine’s formula, which takes into account the volume of the room and
the absorption area of the bounding surfaces and interior objects, is
applied for the prediction of the reverberation time.
 RT is Reverberation Time
V is volume of hall
55.3 is the absorption coefficient of materials of frequency in M2
c – speed of sound in air, in m/s;
m – intensity attenuation coefficient, m-1
 The reverberation time values are for
unheated church conditions . T=10ºC
and RH=60%
Comparison
Comparison of summer and winter conditions
 Data interpretation
 In order to meet the
provisions, corresponding
to the volume of around
3000m3,for choral music,
a mean reverberation
time Tm of 1.68 seconds
has been chosen
 The ratio of the
calculated reverberation
time values Tf, obtained
using Sabine's equation,
for each normal
frequency when 50% and
100% of the seats are
occupied and mean
reverberation time Tm,
must fit into the admissible
area according
solutions
 The columns were plated on 66.25 m2with gypsum board panels, having hexagonal
perforations, with 17% perforated surface(
 On the walls of the ground floor and first floor there were applied panels with plywood
boards and melamine finish, with 1.94% round shaped perforations on a surface of 87.10
m2, gypsum board panels with 6% square shaped perforations on a surface of 17.30 m2
and gypsum board panels with 17% hexagonal shaped perforations on a surface of 17.3
m2 .
 On the ground floor, between the rows of benches, a carpet of 36.35 m2was placed.
 An acoustic ceiling of 75.00 m2 made by gypsum boards, having round perforations with
12% perforated surface, was mounted in the balconies area
Result analysis
conclusion
 To ensure a proper acoustic comfort into an audition hall is not enough to
take only outside noise insulation measures.
 The case study presented was chosen in order to improve the sound quality
of the room, assuming the adequate transmission of the natural sound,
since the excessive reflections in the hall make it improper to conduct
religious activities in unassisted voice conditions
 Churches are considered spaces with complex geometry in which one of
the most important research problem is concentrated in achieving an
appropriate acoustic environment. This requirement demonstrates the
complexity and difficulty of their acoustic design.
 This ppt presents an acoustic study developed on a Greek Catholic church.
The main parameter investigated was the reverberation time.
 The second method used the Sabine formula, which also took into account
the ambient characteristics of the hall, respectively the temperature and
relative humidity of the interior air and different states of occupancy.
thankyou