JASMINE

Scientific name : Jasminum spp

Family : Oleaceae

Introduction
• Jasmine is one of the most important ornamental
flowering plants widely cultivated and esteemed
for its attractive fragrant flowers.

• The genus Jasminum is derived from the persian

name ‘Yasmyn’ meaning fragrance.
• Flowers are used for making garlands, adorning
hair by women, religious and ceremonial
functions.

• They are also used for producing perfumery oil.

Geographical distrubution
• In India, major jasmine flower production are in
Tamil Nadu and Karnataka with 5,203 and 2,063
hectares of land, respectively.
• In India, area under jasmine cultivation is 10623 ha
with production of 92951 t and the productivity is 8.50
t/ha.

Importance and uses

• Among the species with fragrant flowers,
J. auriculatum, J.grandiflorum and J.sambac
are used for extraction of oil.
• The world famous jasmine oil is extracted
from J.grandiflorum.

• Lotion made from flowers of J.officinale and

J.sambac are used against headache and eye
troubles.

• The milky juice exuded from the incisions in

the J.humile bark is effective in destroying
unhealthy lining walls of chronic sinuses.
 Species and cultivars
J.sambac

J.grandiflorum
J.auriculatum

J.multiflorum
J.calophyllum

J.officinale
J.parkeri

J.nitidum
J.rex

J.beesianum
J.pubescens

J.malabaricum
J.humile

J.polyanthum
Varieties of jasmine
J.auriculatum
• Parimullai - It has a medium round bud with
flowering duration of about 9 months/year. It is resistant
to gall mite. Yield is 8t/ha.

• Co-1 - Has long corolla tube and thus easy to

harvest. Average yield is 8.8t/ha

• Co-2 - Tolerant to phyllody disease. Average yield is

11.1t/ha.
J.grandiflorum
• Co-1(Pitchi) – Average yield is about 10t/ha and the
concrete yield is 29kg/ha.

• Co-2 -- Average yield is 11.68t/ha.

• Arka Surabhi – Yield is 10t/ha.

J.Sambac
• Gundumalli – Average yield is 7-8 t/ha and the
concrete yield is 15kg/ha.
• Double Mogra – The flowers have 8-10 whorls of
petals with excellent fragrance .

• Ramabanam -- High yielding variety with long flower

buds.

• Single Mogra, Bela, Khoya, Rai Japanese,

Kasthurimalli, Oosimalli, Madanban and Motia are
some of the cultivars.
Soil
• Well-drained, loamy soil with a pH ranging from 5-8
is ideal for their cultivation.

• With application of manure and assured water supply

they can also grown in sandy soils.

• If grown in clayey soil, flower production is hampered

to a great extent.
Climate
• Jasmine require mild winter, warm summer for their
growth and flowering.

• Low temperature i.e., 19°C results in reduction of

flower size and also leads to flower shedding.

• A well distributed annual rainfall of 800 to 1000mm is

optimum for growth and development.
Effect of sunlight
• Jasmine plants require sunny days.

• Flowering will be greatly reduced or fail to appear

when the plants receive 4 hours of sunlight a day.

• In fact, increasing sunlight to 6-8 hours daily may

allow the plant to continue flowering even after cool
weather arrives.

•
Effect of Relative humidity
Too high Too low
Wilting Increased foliar
diseases
Stunted plants Nutrient deficiencies
Leaf curl Increased root diseases
Increased infestation Guttation
of spider mites
Effect of growth regulators
• Application of GA3 at 25- 75 ppm increased the
length of primary and secondary shoots in
J.grandiflorum.

• The application of GA3 resulted in delayed onset of

flowering and also reduced number of flower in
J.sambac.

• In J.grandiflorum, ethrel at 100-500ppm reduces

shoot length.
• In J.auriculatum spraying ethrel at 1000 ppm resulted
in maximum growth retardation.

• In J.sambac, ethrel delayed the onset of flowering

and also reduced the essential oil content.

• CCC at 1000 ppm gave early flowering in

j.auriculatum.

• CCC at 500-1500 reduces shoot length in

J.grandiflorum.
• Application of NAA at 50 and 100 ppm reduces
primary shoot length in J.multiflorum.

• NAA application increases flower yield in J.sambac

and J.auriculatum.

• MH at 1000-3000 ppm reduces shoot length in

J.grandiflorum.
Propagation
• Jasmine can be propagated by seed, layering and
cutting.

Seed Propagation
• J.auriculatum, J.arborescens, J.grandiflorum,
J.rigidum, J.pubescens are the species that set seeds.

• Fresh harvested seeds have higher rate of

germination and it takes 3 weeks to 10 months for
seed to germinate depending upon the species.
• Seeds retain viability up to 10 months and thereafter
there is rapid decline of germination.

• Higher temperature and high humidity hasten

germination.
Layering
• Ground layering is a more successful method of
propagation.

• Layering is done during June-July in North India and

from June to December in South India.
• For preparation of layers, well matured, one year old
shoots are selected and are buried in the soil 10-
15cm deep after making a shallow, slanting cut in the
position that is to be buried.

• The root formation occurs in 90-120 days.

Cutting
• J.grandiflorum and J.sambac are best propagated by
apical cuttings while J.auriculatum is propagated by
semi hardwood cuttings.
• 15 cm shoot cuttings with 3-4 leaves when treated
with 4000 ppm IBA and planted in vermiculite under
mist chamber give best performance in rooting.

• The cuttings are buried more than 5 cm deep in the

rooting medium and are spaced 7cm apart.

• The cuttings are ready for transplanting into main

field after 4 to 5 months of planting in the rooting.
Land preparation
• The soil is well pulverized and weeds are removed
before planting.

• Pits of 45 cm³ are prepared one month before

planting and are exposed to sunlight.

• A few days before planting, pits are filled with FYM,

soil and coarse sand in the ratio of 2:1:1.

• Pits are watered to settle the soil compost mixture.

Spacing
• J.auriculatum - 1.5 × 1.5m
• J.sambac - 1.5 × 1.5m
• J.grandiflorum- 2.0 × 1.5

Planting
• Well rooted, healthy and strong seedlings are planted
in each pit.

• The pits are then watered immediately.

Planting time
• South India – July- December
• North India – July - August

Irrigation
• Adequate moisture in the soil is necessary for proper
growth and flowering.

• During blossoming the water should be applied twice

a week it there is no rain and once a week during rest
of month.
• Soon after completion of flowering season, watering
is to be completely stopped until pruning and
manuring.

Pruning
• It is an important cultural practice, which
encourages growth of new healthy shoots and
influences the flower yield.

• Usually, irrigation is stopped before pruning and

plants are pruned to half their original length.
• Pruning is done at 45cm from ground level.

• All the cut ends are smeared with Bordeaux paste to

prevent entry of pathogens.

• In Jasminum grandiflorum, December pruning is

beneficial as maximum yield is obtained if plants
pruned in this month.

• Jasminum auriculatum can be pruned during

Janurary to March to have flowers for longer
duration.
• Pruning is done during mid of December to mid
Janurary results in maximum number of branches
and high yield of flowers.

• Chemical defoliants like Paraquat dichloride,

potassium chloride, sodium chloride, ethrel at higher
concentrations are used as alternate to pruning.
Nutrient management
Species Quality Method
(g/plant)
N P K
J.auriculatum 60 120 120 6 split doses at 2
months interval

J.grandiflorum 100 150 100 2 split doses

June-July and
December
J.sambac 60 120 120 2 split doses
June-July and
November