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Chapter 11 2018
Chapter 11 2018
Section 11-1
Analyzing Inheritance
Offspring resemble their parents.
Offspring inherit genes for characteristics
from their parents. To learn about
inheritance, scientists have experimented
with breeding various plants and animals.
In each experiment shown in the table on
the next slide, two pea plants with
Go to
Section:different characteristics were bred. Then,
Interest Grabber continued
Section 11-1
Section 11-1
11–1The Work of
Gregor Mendel
A. Gregor Mendel’s Peas
B. Genes and Dominance
C. Segregation
1. The F1 Cross
2. Explaining the F1 Cross
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Section:
Terminology you NEED to
know
• Self Pollination
– Pollen (male cell) fertilizes egg
(female cell) on the same flower.
Resulting seeds inherit all of their
characteristics from one parent.
• Cross Pollination
– Pollen from one flower fertilizes egg
of another flower. Resulting seeds
Male part of plant
Section 11-1
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Section:
Principles of Dominance
Section 11-1
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Section:
Principles of Dominance
Section 11-1
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Section:
Tt x Tt F1
segregation
T t T t gametes
TT Tt Tt tt F2
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Section:
Interest Grabber
Section 11-2
Tossing Coins
If you toss a coin, what is the probability
of getting heads? Tails? If you toss a coin
10 times, how many heads and how many
tails would you expect to get? Working
with a partner, have one person toss a
coin
ten times while the other person tallies the
Go to
Section:results on a sheet of paper. Then, switch
Interest Grabber continued
Section 11-2
1. Assuming that you expect 5 heads and 5 tails in 10 tosses, how do the
results of your tosses compare? How about the results of your partner’s
tosses? How close was each set of results to what was expected?
3. If you compiled the results for the whole class, what results would you
expect?
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Section:
Section Outline
Section 11-2
11–2Probability and
Punnett Squares
A. Genetics and Probability
B. Punnett Squares
C. Probability and Segregation
D. Probabilities Predict Averages
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Section:
Key Terms
Genotype – The genetic makeup. What
genes they have. TT Tt tt
• Homozygous – Having two identical
alleles (TT or tt) aka truebreeding
• Heterozygous – Having two different
alleles (Tt) aka hybrid
Tails Tails H T
½ x ½H HH = HT
¼
T HT TT
Section 11-2
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Section:
Tt X Tt Cross
Section 11-2
Expected Genotype
¼ TT (homozygous dominant)
½ Tt (Heterozygous)
¼ tt (homozygous recessive)
Expected Phenotype
¾ Tall
¼ Short
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Section:
Interest Grabber
Section 11-3
Height in Humans
Height in pea plants is controlled by one
of two alleles; the allele for a tall plant is
the dominant allele, while the allele for a
short plant is the recessive one. What
about people? Are the factors that
determine height more complicated in
humans?
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Section:
Interest Grabber continued
Section 11-3
Section 11-3
11–3Exploring
Mendelian Genetics
A. Independent Assortment
1. The Two-Factor Cross: F1
2. The Two-Factor Cross: F2
B. A Summary of Mendel’s Principles
C. Beyond Dominant and Recessive Alleles
1. Incomplete Dominance
2. Codominance
3. Multiple Alleles
4. Polygenic Traits
D. Applying Mendel’s Principles
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Section:
Concept Map
Section 11-3
Gregor
Mendel
experimented concluded
with that
which is which is
called the called the
Law of Law of
Dominance Segregation
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Section:
11-3 Independent
Assortment
After showing that alleles segregate
during the formation of gametes, Mendel
wondered it they did so independently of
each other?
• What does this mean?
Y = Yellow teeth
y = white teeth
RRYY
with:
What did the F1 generation
look like?
All were Round and Yellow
Their genotype was RrYy (heterozygous
for round and yellow)
He then performed an F1
cross
Male x Female
RrYy x RrYy
Pollen
RY Ry rY ry
Figure 11-10 Independent
Assortment in Peas
Section 11-3
F2 generation results:
9 round yellow
3 round green
3 wrinkled yellow
1 wrinkled green
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Section:
Beyond Dominant and
Recessive Alleles
Incomplete Dominance – One allele is not
completely dominant over another. The
heterozygous phenotype is somewhere in
between the two homozygous
phenotypes. “Blend”
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Section:
Figure 11-11 Incomplete
Dominance in Four O’Clock Flowers
Section 11-3
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Section:
Beyond Dominant and
Recessive Alleles
Co-dominance – Both alleles contribute to
the phenotype of the organism.