𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜

3 −1
𝑆𝑒𝑎 𝐴 = ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝐴−1 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑒𝑙 𝑇𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝐶𝑎𝑦𝑙𝑒𝑦 − 𝐻𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑜𝑛
−2 2
3−𝜆 −1 2 1
𝑃 𝜆 = 𝐴 − 𝜆𝐼 = 4𝐴−1 =
−2 2 − 𝜆 2 3
2
𝑃 𝜆 = 𝜆 − 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑧𝑎 𝐴 𝜆 + 𝐴
2 3 −1 −1 1/2 1/4
𝑃 𝜆 = 𝜆 − (3 + 2)𝜆 + 𝐴 =
−2 2 1/2 3/4
𝑃 𝜆 = 𝜆2 − 5𝜆 + 4
𝑃 𝐴 = 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 4𝐼 = 0 … . . (1) 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑐𝑖ó𝑛:
−1 3 −1 1/2 1/4
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝐴 = 4 ≠ 0 → 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝐴 −1 𝐴𝐴 =
−2 2 1/2 3/4
𝐴−1 ∗ 1 :
−1 𝐴𝐴 −1 = 1 0
𝐴 − 5𝐼 + 4𝐴 = 0 0 1
4𝐴−1 = −𝐴 + 5𝐼
3 −1 1 0
4𝐴−1 = − +5