Hydraulic Fracture Design and Post Fracture

Analysis In Shale Gas

Contents

 Shale Gas Reservoirs

 Hydraulic Fracturing
 Design
 Case Study
 Post Fracture Analysis
 Conclusion
Shale Gas Reservoirs
The reservoir that cannot be produced at economic flow rates or recover economic volumes of natural
gas unless the well is stimulated by a large hydraulic fracture treatment or by drilling a horizontal
well.

Resource Triangle (Holditch, ; Hein )

World wide Statistics

Distribution of Gas in Place in Unconventional Reservoirs

(Rogner , Kawata and Fujita )
 Hydraulic Fracturing

A treatment performed to restore or enhance the productivity of a well and it is performed above
the fracture pressure of the reservoir formation and create a highly conductive flow path between the
reservoir and the wellbore.
Pre-treatment data requirement

 Well potential
 Fracture geometry
 Treatment fluids and proppants

Stages in HF
 Pad Stage
 Slurry Stage
 Flush Stage
Hydraulic Fracturing Design
 Select a fracturing fluid.
 Select fracturing fluid additives (if required).
 Select a proppant.
 Determine the maximum allowable treatment pressure.
 Select a fracture propagation model.
 Select treatment size
 Perform production forecast analysis.
 Case Study
Parameter Symbol Value Unit
Height h 120 ft
Fracture height hf 120 ft
Fracture Half Length xf 40 ft
Injection Rate qi 10 bbl/min
Poisson's ratio Poisson's ratio 0.2
Young modulus young modulus 5.08E+06 psi
Fluid Density ρ 75 pcf
Formation permeability K 0.0009 md
Viscosity µ 1.5 cp
External Radius re 2978.727893 ft
Well bore Radius rw 0.35 ft
Formation Depth D 7500 ft
Minimum Stress min stress 6000 psi
Proppant density ρp 160 Pcf
Proppant Porosity Øp 0.43
Drainage Area Area 640 Acres
leak off co-efficient leak off co efficient 0.00025 ft/min.5
Tubing inside dia D 3 Inch
Design Results
Parameter Symbol Result Unit

Injection time tinj 0.374718273 min

Average width W 0.001769336 ft

Injection volume vinj 21.04043101 gal

Fracture volume vfrac 127.052447 gal

Area of fracture AF 9600 ft2

Proppant width Wp 0.000435349 ft

Mass of proppant Mp 381.1563368 lb

Pad volume vpad 16.7819879 gal

Pad time tpad 0.039957114 min

Frictional pressure drop ΔPF 228.7061 psi

Net fracturing pressure ΔPf 61.63092 psi

Hydrostatic head ΔPPe 3645.833 psi

Surface treating pressure Ptr 2644.504 psi

Hydraulic Horse Power HHp 648.1627 HHP

 Sensitivity Analysis
KF VS FOI

7.66

7.64

7.62

7.6

FOI

7.58

7.56

7.54
0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000
KF(MD)
FOI vs Xf
Series1
20

18

16

14

12

FOI 10

0
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
XF ,FT
Q vs HHP
QI , BBL/MIN
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60

-500

-1000

HHP -1500

-2000

-2500

-3000
Post Fracture Analysis

Three Cases

 Base Case
 Stimulated (KGD)
 Stimulated (PKN)
Data Input
KGD Data
PKN Data
Q vs Xf
Post Fracture Results
Case Solution point q, MMscf/D FOI = qa/q

Un-stimulated well 0.007 -

Hydraulically Fractured well(KGD model) 0.014 2

Hydraulically Fractured well(PKN model) 0.094 14

Conclusion…..