QUALITATIVE DATA

 Is an information about qualities

 Information that can’t be measured.
EXAMPLES:
 Sex
 Birthplace
 Geographic Location
 Body Color
 Religion
Scales
of
m t
of
data
What is measurement?
Measurement is the process of
assigning a numerical value to a
variable. While SCALES OR LEVEL OF
MEASUREMENT relates to the rules
used to assign scores and is an indicator
of the kind of information that the scores
provide.
There are FOUR LEVELS OR
SCALES OF MEASUREMENT that
researchers use to determine score:
nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio
scales.
1. NOMINAL DATA

A nominal data use numbers for the

purpose of identifying name or
membership in a group or category.
EXAMPLES:
a)Religion
b)Marital Studies
c)Political Party
d)Classifying residents according to
ZIP Codes
e)Classifying survey subjects
according to gender
2. ORDINAL DATA
Ordinal data connote ranking or
inequalities. One category is higher than
the other one. In ordinal data, numbers
represents “greater than” or “less than”
measurements, such as preferences or
ranking.
EXAMPLES:
Students evaluation
Guest speakers ranks
Contest
Income category
Birth order study
3. INTERVAL SCALES
Interval scales indicate an actual
amount and there is an equal
unit of measurement separating
each score, specifically equal
intervals.
EXAMPLE:
a) Temperature
b) Scores on a test
c) Age gap
d) IQ Test
e) Time of each day in the
meaning of a 12-hour clock.
INTERVAL DATA do not only include
“greater than” and “less than”
relationships, but also has a limit of
measurement that permits us to describe
how much more or less one object
possesses than another.
4. RATIO DATA

Ratio data is similar to interval

data, but has an absolute zero.
EXAMPLE:
 Election vote
 Speed of a production line
 Ages of students
 Weights of beef cattle fed on a
special diet
 Horsepower of a motorcycle engine.