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Chapter 1 Set Theory and Venn Diagram
Chapter 1 Set Theory and Venn Diagram
November 6, 2018
.
Set Theory
Is a basis of modern Mathematics,
and notations of set theory are used
in all formal descriptions.
Example = if A = {a,b}
Hence,
We write A B
If A = { , , , , , , , , }
and B = { , , , } then
A ∩ B = { , , , } = B
August 2006 Copyright © 2006 by DrDelMath.Com 33
Example - intersection
If A is the set of prime numbers and
B is the set of even numbers then
A∩B={2}
If A = {x | x > 5 } and
B = {x | x < 3 } then
A∩B=
If A = {x | x > 4 } and
B = {x | x >7 } then
A ∩ B = {x | x < 7 }
August 2006 Copyright © 2006 by DrDelMath.Com 35
Venn Diagram - intersection
A is represented by the red circle and B is
represented by the blue circle.
When B is moved to overlap a
portion of A, the purple
colored region
illustrates the intersection
A∩B
of A and B
Excellent online interactive demonstration
We write A B
If A = { , , , , }
and B = {, , } then
A B = {, , , , } = A
August 2006 Copyright © 2006 by DrDelMath.Com 39
Example - Union
If A is the set of prime numbers and
B is the set of even numbers then
A B = {x | x is even or x is prime }.
If A = {x | x > 5 } and
B = {x | x < 3 } then
A B = {x | x < 3 or x > 5 }.
AB
Venn Diagram (A-B)
is pronounced as: "A minus B“
the new set gets everything that is
in A except for anything in its overlap
with B;
AB=BA
A∩B=B∩A
Algebraic Properties
Union and intersection are associative
operations.
(A B) C = A (B C)
(A ∩ B) ∩ C = B ∩ (A ∩ C)
Algebraic Properties
Two distributive laws are true.
A ∩ ( B C )= (A ∩ B) (A ∩ C)
A ( B ∩ C )= (A B) ∩ (A C)
Algebraic Properties
A few other elementary properties of
intersection and union.
A =A A∩=
AA=A A∩A=A
Exercise:
Is each of the following a well-
defined set? Give brief reasons for
each of your answers.
(a) The collection of all alphanumeric characters.
(b) The collection of all tall people.
(c) The collection of all good tennis players.
a) A B
c) A B C
d) (A B)'