NISAR

NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar

Mission

SUBMITTED BY
VEEPURI PRIYANKA
(1005-18-744313)
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• MAIN OBJECTIVE
• TECHNOLOGIES
• ADVANTAGES
• REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
• ISRO and NASA is jointly working
on NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture
Radar mission.

• to co-develop and launch a

dual frequency(L and
S) synthetic aperture radar satellite.
MAIN OBJECTIVE
• NISAR is a EARTH MONITORING
SATELLITE.

• It will not only identify changes in

earth can also be useful in military help
and disaster management
NISAR
TECHNOLOGIES USED
• Synthetic Aperture Radar

• Sweep SAR

• Polarimetry

• Interferometry
SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR
• form of radar that is used to create 2 or
3dimensional images of objects, such as landscapes

• Uses the motion of the radar antenna and mounted

on Moving Platform

• To create a SAR image, successive pulses of radio

waves are transmitted to "illuminate" a target scene
PRINCIPLE

• Electromagnetic waves are sequentially transmitted and

reflected echoes are collected, digitized and stored by the
radar antenna for later processing

• As transmission and reception occur at different time, they

map to different positions.

• combination of the received signals builds a virtual aperture

that is much longer than the physical antenna length
• The SAR works similar of a phased array, but contrary of a
large number of the parallel antenna elements of a phased
array, SAR uses one antenna in time-multiplex. The
different geometric positions of the antenna elements are
result of the moving platform now.

• The SAR-processor stores all the radar returned signals, as

amplitudes and phases, for the time period T from position
A to D. Now it is possible to reconstruct the signal which
would have been obtained by an antenna of length v ·
•Now imagine what would be
the quality of images when
two SAR’s are combined and
synchronized?
THIS HELPS THE PROJECT
• NISAR will be valuable in understanding the
response of ice sheets and interaction of sea ice and
climate.

• will also help in disaster prediction and a swift

response to it, infrastructure monitoring, and
forestry and agricultural applications.
SWEEP SAR
• It is one of the operation mode of the NISAR antenna to
provide both wide area coverage and fine spatial resolution
at the same time

• In SweepSAR mode, a one-dimensional phased array feed

allows only a narrow segment of the large antenna’s
reflecting surface to be used on transmit, which
then illuminates a wide area on the ground.
 To receive the radar
echoes, the same phased
array feed is ‘swept’ to
steer the antenna beam
across the area being
imaged, using the full area
of the large reflecting
surface, and tracking the
radar waves reflected
from the scene being
imaged, as they arrive.
• Advantages of the SweepSAR technique over two-
dimensional phased array antenna approaches are
that it has inherently lower transmit power at the
array feed, less complexity in the array feed design,
and takes advantage of the very low mass and large
area of the deployable antenna
POLARIMETRY
• polarimetry is a technique used for deriving qualitative and
quantitative physical information for land, snow and ice.

• By varying the polarization of the transmitted signal, SAR

systems can provide information on the polarimetric
properties of the observed surface
Interferometry

• Rather than discarding the phase data, information can be

extracted from it - If the two samples are obtained
simultaneously then any phase difference will contain
information about the angle from which the radar echo
returned

• techniques use two or more SAR images over the same

region to obtain surface topography or surface motion
REFERENCES
1. "Satellite Programme: NASA ISRO-Synthetic Aperture Radar". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 2
July 2014.
2. "Optimization of Debris Shields on the NISAR Mission's L-Band Radar Instrument"(PDF). conference.sdo.esoc.esa.int.
ESA Space Debris Office. Retrieved 21 July 2017.
3. "NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperature Radar". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
4. "The First Ever Satellite Being Jointly Built By NASA And ISRO Will Do This". Retrieved 19 May 2017.
5. "NISAR Mission".
6. "NASA-ISRO SAR Mission (NISAR)". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 2 July 2014.
7. "U.S., India to Collaborate on Mars Exploration, Earth-Observing Mission". NASA. Sep 30, 2014. Retrieved 8
October 2014.
8. http://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/10/30/781817/10154634/en/NASA-Jet-Propulsion-Laboratory-Selects-
Northrop-Grumman-s-Astro-Aerospace-for-NISAR-Reflector.html
9. "NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar Radar Satellite (NI-SAR)". Retrieved 2 July2014.
10. "Rajyasabha Q.No. 2223, Session:243 "JOINT PROJECT BETWEEN NASA AND ISRO"" (PDF). 3 August 2017.
11. Joint Project between NASA and ISRO". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 3 August 2017. Retrieved 3
August 2017.
THANK YOU