THE NEXT BIG THING:

A PROPOSED WASTE-TO-ENERGY
ECO PARK IN MANILA
0.40 KGS PER PERSON PER DAY

40,087.45 TONS IN A DAY

403 OPEN DUMPSITES

109 CONTROLLED DUMPSITES
118 SANITARY LANDFILLS
 TOTAL POPULATION :
1,651,892

TOTAL LAND AREA:

38.55 KM2

POPULATION DENSITY
66,164 PERSONS/KM2 (MOST DENSE CITY)
SIX CONGRESSIONAL
DISTRICTS

897 BARANGAYS
(MOST NO. OF BARAGAYS IN A CITY)

7 OUT 897 BARANGAYS HAS

MRF/MRS

NO CITY MRF
SOLID WASTE MANGEMENT PROCESS OF MANILA

WASTE IS GENERATED AND COLLECTED FROM

RESIDENTIAL, COMMERCIAL, INSTITUTIONAL,
INDUSTRIAL, MARKET, AND STREET SWEEPING

WASTE IS COLLECTED BY A PRIVATE HAULER.

COLLECTION EFFICIENCY IS 100% SEGREGATED AT
SOURCE IS 15% AND SEGREGATED COLLECTION IS 10%

67.69% OF COLLECTED WASTE ARE DIPOSED AND

USUALLY END UP IN SANITARY LANDFILLS. 32.31 OF
COLLECTED WASTE ARE DIVERTED.
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 DESIGN OBJECTIVES
TO PROVIDE MODERN SOLUTIONS IN GARBAGE
DISPOSAL PROBLEM THAT HAS A MINIMAL IMPACT TO
ENVIRONMENT AND COMMUNITY

TO AID IN SOLVING POLLUTION DUE TO POOR

DISPOSAL PRACTICES AND UNDERSERVED AREAS

TO ENCOURAGE THE PUBLIC TO PRACTICE PROPER

WASTE DISPOSAL AND REDUCE THE VOLUME OF
WASTES GENERATED BY RECYCLING AND REUSING
PROJECT GOALS & OBJECTIVES
TO EDUCATE THE PEOPLE ABOUT THE CAUSE AND
EFFECTS OF IMPROPER WASTE DISPOSAL

TO INSPIRE OTHER REGIONS TO ADOPT WTE FACILITY

AS THE MODE OF WASTE DISPOSAL

TO REVOLUTIONIZE THE SYSTEM OF WASTE DISPOSAL

OF THE COUNTRY
 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
TO DESIGN A SUITABLE WASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITY IN MANILA THAT CAN
ACCOMMODATE THE CITY’S SOLID WASTE FOR LONG TERM PERIOD. THE DESIGN
SHOULD BE COMPLIANT TO EXISTING LAWS AND REDUCE THE IMPACT OF SOLID
WASTAES TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND COMMUNITY.

THE PROJECT SHOULD PROVIDE BASIC COMMUNITY SERVICES SUCH AS

LAUNDRY, LIBRARY, RECREATION, AND MANY MORE.

AN ECO-PARK SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED TO REVOLUTION THE PERCEPTION OF

PUBLIC TO INDUSTRIAL BUILDING. IT SHOULD BE VISITOR-FRIENDLY AND
ENCOURAGE THE COMMUNITY TO PRACTICE SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.

A NEW WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SHOULD BE PUBLIC CENTERED AND WILL

FOCUS ON SERVICING ALL HOUSEHOLDS OF MANILA. AN INNOVATIVE WASTE
COLLECTION VEHICLE WILL BE INTRODUCED TO ACCESS ALL AREAS OF MANILA.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY IS NOT LIMITED TO INNOVATION OF
WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, PROGRAMS, COLLECTION,
SEGREGATION, TRANSPORT, STORAGE, DISPOSAL, AND DIVERSION
OF SOLID WASTE

THE STUDY INCLUDES THE DESCRIPTION OF NECESSARY

FACILITIES, ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN, ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS TO
COMPLY, AND TECHNOLOGIES INVOVLED IN THE OPERARATION OF
FACILITY

THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT INCLUDE BUT NOT LIMITED PROPOSED

WTE FACILITY, INTEGRATION OF ECO-PARK AND INDUSTRIAL
FACILITY, AND COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF WASTE.
 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION
THE STUDY IS LIMITED TO PLANING AND DESIGNING WTE FACILITY.
IT IS BEYOND THE SCOPE OF THIS STUDY TO PROVIDE A COST
ESTIMATE OF THE PROJECT BECAUSE LGUs DISCLOSE THIS TYPE OF
INFORMATION.

RETURN OF INVESTMENT (ROI) ARE NOT INCLUDED HOWEVER,

RELATED STUDIES AND LITERATURE ARE PROVIDE TO HAVE AN
ASSUMPTION ON WHAT WOULD BE THE COST OF THE PROJECT IN
THE PHILIPPINES.

THE STUDY WILL ONLY EXPLAIN THE CONCEPT OF NEW STRATEGY IN

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND WILL NOT PROVIDE TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION AND ECONOMIC STUDY.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
AND PROJECTS
A. RELATED LITERATURE

COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF A WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT

FOR MONTEVIDEO; AND WASTE TO ENERGY IN SMALL
ISLANDS
By: María Elena Díaz Barriga Rodríguez

THE STUDY SHOW THAT THE BEST-SUITED THERMAL TREATMENT

TECHNOLOGY FOR MONTEVIDEO IS GRATE COMBUSTION (ALSO
KNOWN AS MASS BURN)
A. RELATED LITERATURE

COST ANALYSIS
ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST = US $420 MILLION
EQUIVALENT TO 22 BILLION PHP

OPERATING COSTS AT US $22 MILLION PER YEAR

EQUIVALENT TO 1 BILLION PHP

ELECTRICITY GENERATED PER YEAR IS 380 GWH. IT

WILL TRANSLATE INTO APPROXIMATELY US $35 MILLION
REVENUES PER YEAR FOR THE PLANT
EQUIVALENT TO 1.8 BILLION PHP
A. RELATED LITERATURE

COST ANALYSIS
SOURCES OF INCOME
1. ELECTRICTY SALE – US $92/MWh = 4822.18 PHP
2. GATE FEE – US $15/TON AND US $29/TON = 786 PHP
AND 1520.04 PHP
3. CARBON CREDITS – US $12-20 = 628 – 1048 PHP
4. METAL SALE – US $0.8/KG (ALUMINUM) = 41 PHP
US $3.7/KG (COPPER) = 194 PHP
US $2.6/KG – 2.5/KG (STEEL AND IRON)
= 136 PHP – 131 PHP
B. RELATED PROJECT

FOREIGN

COVANTA DUBLIN
B. RELATED PROJECT

LOCAL

BIOGAS PLANT IN QUEZON CITY

B. RELATED PROJECT

LOCAL

BIOGAS PLANT IN QUEZON CITY

 CONSTRAINTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF
WASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITY

BUDGET

EXISTING LAWS

SITE AVAILABILITY
 BUDGET

ARTICLE X
SECTION 13
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
BUDGET
BUDGET
BUDGET
 EXISITING LAWS
R.A. 8749
PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT

R.A. 9275
PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT

R.A. 9003
ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ACT

NSWMC RES. 669

GUIDELINES IN ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF WASTE TO
ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES
EXISTING LAWS
 EXISTING LAWS
“Ambiguity and inconsistency that leads to an open
interpretation of WTE’s role needs to be avoided. The ban on
incineration in the Philippines is an example,” it added.

This is because the Clean Air Act, Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act, and the Renewable Energy Act bans
municipal solid waste incineration can be interpreted in
various ways.

“It could mean either a totally unconditional ban on

incineration regardless of technology specifications and
emission standards, or a conditional ban that applies only to
incineration that emits poisonous and toxic fumes exceeding
the stipulated limits,”
the ADB said.
EXISTING LAWS
 EXISTING LAWS
“There’s already a guideline on WTE. Not all incinerations are
prohibited by law,” Leones said, stressing there are incineration
technologies that comply with dioxin emissions standard.
“Right now, we are applying a World Health Organization
guideline. Unlike before, we are not capable of measuring and
monitoring dioxins and other toxic substances from
incinerations. During my watch as EMB [Environmental
Management Bureau] director, we worked on it, that’s why we
now have the capacity to measure dioxins and other toxic
substances,” he added.
SITE AVAILABILITY
Japan has 1,162 energy from waste plants,
including plants with no energy recovery.
Tokyo alone has 21 dedicated energy from
waste plants that recover energy from
residual waste after source separation and
recycling. Many plants are in close proximity
to industrial and residential areas, though
major investment in treatment of exhaust
gases and real-time monitoring of plant
performance is performed to ensure that
plants do not impact on people and the
surrounding environment.
 SITE AVAILABILITY
A. SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

PROXIMITY OF UTILITIES (15%) – WASTE-TO-ENERGY HAS CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF ITS FACILITIES

AND REQUIRE CONTINUOUS MAINTENANCE TO SUSTAIN ITS EFFICIENCY.

ACCESSIBILITY (25%) – SHOULD BE ACCESSIBLE FROM VEHICLES RANGING FROM DUMP TRUCK TO
SMALL COMPACTOR. SHOULD HAVE MANY MEANS OF ENTRANCE AND EXITS.

PROXIMITY TO THE COMMUNITY (25%) –THE SITE SHOULD BE NEAR TO THE COMMUNITY IN ORDER TO
BUILD A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE INSTITUTION AND THE COMMUNITY,

NATURAL HAZARDS (15%) – FLOODS AND EARTHQUAKES ARE NATURAL HAZARDS THAT POSE A GREAT
DISASTER IN THE FACILITY AND TO ITS SURROUNDING COMMUNITY.

ZONING (15%) – MANILA IS KNOWN FOR CLUSTERS OF COMMERCIAL, RESIDENTIAL, HISTORICAL,

INSTITUTIONAL, AND INDUSTRIAL INFRASTRUCTURES

TOPOGRAPHY (5%) – MANILA IS A HIGHLY-URBANIZED CITY. MOST OF ITS LAND ARE DEVELOPED FOR
INFRASTRUCTURE. TO DETERMINE WHETHER THE LAND IS STABLE OR PRONE TO DANGER
 SITE AVAILABILITY
B. SITE SELECTION PROCESS
 SITE AVAILABILITY
B. SITE SELECTION PROCESS

1. PANDACAN OIL DEPOT

A 33-HECTARE HECTARE COMPOUND

IN PANDACAN, MANILA OWNED BY
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL OIL
CORPORATION (PNOC).
 SITE AVAILABILITY
B. SITE SELECTION PROCESS
 SITE AVAILABILITY
B. SITE SELECTION PROCESS

2. PIER 18, TONDO, MANILA

A 3-HECTARE MARINE TRANSPORT

STATION OWNED BY PHILIPPINE
ECOLOGY CORPORATION (PHILECO).
PIER 18 IS A TEMPORARY HOLDING
STATION OF SOLID WASTES
COLLECTED BY A PRIVATE HAULER OF
MANILA
 SITE AVAILABILITY
B. SITE SELECTION PROCESS
 SITE AVAILABILITY
B. SITE SELECTION PROCESS

3. TUTUBAN STATION TRAIN YARD

A 3-HECTARE YARD IN TONDO,

MANILA THAT HOUSES OLD TRAINS
OF PNR.
 SITE AVAILABILITY
B. SITE SELECTION PROCESS
 SITE AVAILABILITY
B. SITE SELECTION PROCESS

ACCORDING TO SITE SELECTION CRITERIA THE WINNING

CANDIDATE IS SITE NO.1, THEREFORE THE SELECTED SITE
FOR THE PROJECT IS PANDACAN OIL DEPOT (SITE NO.1)
CONSTRAINTS IN CONSTRUCTION OF
WASTE-TO-ENERGY FACILITY

BUDGET

EXISTING LAWS

SITE AVAILABILITY
WASTE SOURCES
SUMMARY OF DATA
WASTE COMPOSITION BY SOURCE
WASTE PROJECTION (KGS/DAY)
WASTE ARE COLLECTED BY IPM-
AR

CDC FOR 12 MONTH PERIOD WITH

COLLECTION EFFICIENCY OF 100%

SEGREGATED WASTE ARE COLLECTED

BY PHILECO AND DELIVERED
THROUGH BARGE TO NAVOTAS
SANITARY LANDFILL (NSLF)
THE PROPOSAL
 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

“RECOGNIZING THE IMPACT TO THE COMMUNITY IS

THE CORE OF EVERY PROJECT”
DESIGN CONCEPT
STRUCTURAL CONCEPT

RIGID STEEL FRAMING SYSTEM

STRUCTURAL CONCEPT

ALUMINIUM COMPOSITE PANEL

MATERIAL CONCEPT

HDPE LINER
UTILITY CONCEPT

NEGATIVE AIR PRESSURE ROOM

DESIGN STRATEGY