Carbon & Halogens Group

Amelia N. Muallil & Angel Chavez

Carbon Group
A. Carbon (C)
Manifestation: A. crystalline – graphite, diamond B.
Amorphous – coal, anthracite

IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS

■ CO2 Use: treatment of acne, warts, corns, calluses,

Eczema

■ CO3-2 Use: 1. antacid and for effervescent tablets

■ CO -210x greater affinity to hemoglobin than oxygen

leading to asphyxia then death Treatment: 1. 100% O2 2.
Artificial air ( He 80%, O2 20%) 3. Hyperbaric O2
 Carbon Group
B. Silicon (Si)
■ Simethicone: polymeric dimethyl siloxane
2nd most abundant element
Use: antiflatulent

IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS: ■ Glass: Na2CO3 + pure silica

■ Kaolin - adsorbent
■ SiO2 Toxicity: Silicosis

■ Purified Siliceous Earth –absorbent

■ Bentonite – suspending agent

■ Talc – clarifying agent , dusting agent

■ Attapulgite
Aka: polymagma, diatabs, quintess Use:
adsorbent
Carbon Group
C. Tin (Sn)
Aka: stannum Use: preparation of tin cans

IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS
■ SnF2 – anticariogenic

■ SnO2 Use: germicide

 Carbon Group
D. Lead (Pb)
Aka: plumbum
1. astringent
2. protein precipitant
Poisoning: Plumbism
Antidote: EDTA
Sources of poisoning:
1. lead pipes
2. paints
3. batteries

IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS

■ Pb(CH3COO)2 Aka: sugar of lead Use: astringent

■ Pb2(CH3COO) Aka: goulard’s extract Use: 1. astringent 2. antiseptic

■ PbO Common name: LITHARGE

Titanium / Zirconium
A. Tallum (Ti)
Aka: Titan, Sons of the earth
Use: powerful reducing agent

IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS:
1. TiO2 Opacifying agent ex: OCUSERT UV Ray protectant – TiO2 reflects UV

B. Ziconium (Zr) Use: same with Al but banned due to granuloma formation

Former Official Compounds:

1. Oxide

2. CO3 Both used as antiperspirant and for athlete's foot

Halogens
A.Fluorine B. Chloride
Strongest oxidizing agent Aka: Dephlogisticated muriatic acid Most
abundant extracellular anion Used as water
Poisoning: fluorosis disinfectant
IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS:
Principal manifestation:
1. mottled enamel ■ Hypochlorite (Na, K)
2. abnormal bone growth Use: bleaching agent

IMPORTANT COMPOUNDS ■ HCl Use: treatment of achlorhydria

Halogens
■ NaF Use: anti cariogenic at 2% soln

■ SnF2 Use: anti cariogenic at 8% soln

C. Bromine E. Astatin
Dark reddish brown fuming liquid with Only metallic , Only synthetic halogen,
suffocating odor Only radioactive halogen

D. Iodine
action: sedative/ depressant
Expectorant , anti fungal Poisoning: bromism
Deficiency: goiter

Principal manifestation:
Elemental Iodine preparation:
1. skin eruption
1. Strong Iodine soln
2. psychosis
aka: Lugol’s soln
3. weakness
2. Iodine Tincture – disinfectant
4. headache
3. Povidone-Iodine - BETADINE

Antidote: NaCl and NH4C

 QUIZ
 1. 2nd most abundant element.
 2. Other name for stannum.
 3. Strongest oxidizing agent.
 4. AKA. Dephlogisticated muriatic acid.
 5. Dark reddish brown fuming liquid with suffocating odor.
 6. Discoverd by Becquered.
 7. Only metallic, synthetic halogen & radioactive halogen.
 8. AKA. Sugar of lead.
 9. AKA. Goulard's extract.
 10. AKA. Plymagma, diatabs & quintess.