Orthographic Projection

ROBERT M. CABIGTING
What is Orthographic Projection?
• Orthographic Projection is a method of
representing a three dimensional object on
paper using several two dimensional views.
• The term orthographic is derived from two greek
words: ORTHO which means straight and
GRAPHOS which means to draw.
• It describes a type of drawing represented only
by lines without shading or rendering.
• It is the international language of Engineers and
Designers
How does it work?
• We look directly at the different faces
of the object (90˚ to the face) and draw
the lines that we see.
How many views?
• One view is never enough to describe
an object.
• We need at least two views to
accurately describe even the most
simple of objects.
• Generally we se three views and
arrange them You can use as many
views as the object requires.
Side View Front View

Top View
Is it really an international language?
• Yes. However America and
Australia arrange the views
differently.
• This arrangement of views is
called third angle projection.
 Different types?
There are two different types of
orthographic drawings.
• The first is called ‘first angle projection’
which is used in the United Kingdom and;

• The second is called ‘third angle

projection’, which is used in the USA,
Australia, and NZ.
Top View

Front View Side View

How did they get their names?
• The name first angle is derived from the objects
position in the first quadrant of the planes of
reference.
• The name third angle is derived from the objects
position in the third quadrant of the planes of
reference.
Extend all construction lines,
then add a 45˚ line to show
where the end view should go.
When the drawings get more complicated
you will find this essential.
Anything else?
• Make sure you keep your drawing neat.
• Recommended proportions are shown below.
• Keep construction lines light and finished lines
heavy
PLATE 10 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING
PLATE 11 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWING