PENGANTAR FISIOLOGI

Dr. EKA BEBASARI, M.Sc

BAGIAN FISIOLOGI
FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS RIAU
MATERI

 Pengantar fisiologi
 Organisasi tubuh manusia
 Homeostasis
 Anatomy

Bioche Kedokteran Physio

mistry dasar logy

Histology
 Structure & function closely related
 Structure of a part of the body allows
performance of certain functions
 E.g : bones of the skull
 bones of the fingers
 walls of the air sacs in the lungs
 lining of the urinary bladder
STRUCTURAL LEVEL OF HUMAN BODY

• Kimiawi (atom & molekul)

• Sel

• Jaringan

• Organ

• Sistem
Organisme
STRUCTURAL LEVEL OF HUMAN BODY

 Chemical level
 Atoms : smallest units of matter that
participate in chemical reactions
 carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N),
phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S)
 Molecules : two or more atoms joined
together
 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
 Glucose, proteins, lipid etc
Cellular level

 Cells : basic structural and functional units of

an organism
 Eg : muscle cells, nerve cells, and epithelial
cells
FISIOLOGI SEL
3 subdivisi
utama :
• membran
sel/membr
an plasma
• nukleus
• sitoplasma
PLASMA MEMBRANE
 forms the cell’s flexible
outer surface
 separating the cell’s
internal environment
(inside the cell) from the
external environment
(outside the cell)
 selective barrier
 communication among
cells and between cells and
their external environment
Functions
of
membrane
protein
Cytoplasm

 Consists of all cellular contents between

plasma membrane and nucleus
 2 components: cytosol and organelles
 Cytosol : fluid portion of cytoplasm, contains
water, dissolved solutes, and suspended
particles.
 Organelles
 cytoskeleton, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum,
Golgi complex, lysosomes, peroxisomes, and
mitochondria.
 Organel
 Retikulum
endoplasma(RE)
 Kompleks Golgi
 Lisosom
 Mitokondria
 Peroksisom
Tissue level

 Tissues : groups of cells and the materials

surrounding them that work together to
perform a particular function
 four basic types of tissue in the body
according to structure and function: epithelial
tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and
nervous tissue.
Epithelial tissue

 covers body surfaces and lines hollow organs,

body cavities, and ducts
 also forms glands
 three major functions:
 selective barriers that limit or aid the transfer of
substances into and out of the body
 secretory surfaces that release products produced
by the cells onto their free surfaces
 Protective surfaces that resist the abrasive
influences of the environment
Connective tissue
 binds together, supports, and strengthens other body
tissues
 protects and insulates internal organs
 compartmentalizes structures such as skeletal muscles
 serves as the major transport system within the body
(blood, a fluid connective tissue)
 primary location of stored energy reserves (adipose, or fat,
tissue)
 main source of immune responses
 Connective Tissue Cells : Fibroblasts, Adipocytes, Mast
cells, White blood cells, Macrophages, Plasma cells
Classification of Connective
Tissues
I. Embryonic connective tissue
A. Mesenchyme
B. Mucous connective tissue
II. Mature connective tissue
A. Loose connective tissue
1. Areolar connective tissue
2. Adipose tissue
3. Reticular connective tissue
B. Dense connective tissue
1. Dense regular connective
tissue
2. Dense irregular connective
tissue
3. Elastic connective tissue
C. Cartilage
1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Fibrocartilage
3. Elastic cartilage
D. Bone tissue
E. Liquid connective tissue
1. Blood tissue
Muscular tissue

 generates the physical force needed to make

body structures move and generates body
heat
 Sceletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle
 Nervous tissue

 Detects changes in a
variety of conditions
inside and outside the
body
 Responds by generating
action potentials (nerve
impulses) that activate
muscular contractions
and glandular secretions
Organ level

 Organs : structures that are composed of two

or more different types of tissues
 have specific functions and usually have
recognizable shapes
 Examples of organs are the stomach, skin,
bones, heart, liver, lungs, and brain
Organ-System level

 Consists of related organs with a common

function
 Digestive system
 breaks down and absorbs food
 include the mouth, salivary glands, pharynx (throat),
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine,
liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
 Sometimes an organ is part of more than one
system.
 Pancreas, is part of both digestive system and
endocrine system
 Skeletal
Integu Muscul
men ar

Urinary Nervous

Sistem
organ
Reprod Endocri
uction n

Digestiv Cardiov
e ascular

Lympha
Respirat
tic/Imm
ory
unity
 Homeostasis
 Balance in the
body’s internal
environment (CES)
 Dynamic
conditions
 Homeostasis is continually being disturbed
 External environment
 internal environment
 psychological stresses
 mild and temporary or intense and pro-
longed
 regulating systems (nervous system &
endocrine system) work through feedback
systems
Feedback
Systems
NEGATIVE
FEEDBACK
SYSTEMS

POSITIVE
FEEDBACK
SYSTEMS
Terima kasih.....

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