APA

Referencing Style
Format
Why reference?
• to acknowledge the work of others
• tolocate the source of the
information
• to demonstrate objectivity
Two Main Parts to Referencing:
1. Citing in text 2. Reference List
-demonstrates -shows the
support of complete
ideas, details of
arguments and everything you
views
cited
1. • Example:
In Text Water is a necessary part of every
person’s diet and of all the nutrients a
Citations body needs to function, it requires more
water each day than any other nutrient
When citing in text, (Whitney & Rolfes, 2011).
use the author/s last
Whitney and Rolfes (2011) state
name followed by the that the body requires many nutrients to
year of publication. function but highlight that water is of
greater importance than any other
nutrient.
Water is an essential element of
anyone’s diet and Whitney and Rolfes
(2011) emphasize it is more important
than any other nutrient.
1.1 • Example:
Three, four, or Research can be defined as a
five authors systematic method of creating new
knowledge or a way to verify existing
Cite all authors the knowledge (Watson, McKenna, Cowman
first time and from & Keady, 2008).
then on, include only
Deciding on a research method
the last name of first demands the researcher consider
author followed by carefully the problem or area of
the words et al. investigation being researched (Watson
et al., 2008).

et al. - ‘and others’

1.2 • Example:
Six or more Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
authors consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et
Cite only the last dolore magna aliqua (Mikosh et al.,
name of the first 2010).
author followed by et
al. each time you
refer to this work.
1.4.1 • Group as author with no abbreviation
Groups as Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
authors consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et
The name of groups dolore magna aliqua (New Zealand
that serves as House of Representatives, Health
authors are usually Committee, 2007).
written in full
each time they
appear in a text
citation.
1.4.2 • Example:
Groups as Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
authors consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et
Some groups dolore magna aliqua (Ministry of Health
recognized by an [MOH], 2007).
abbreviation. The
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
names of some group consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
author are spelled eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et
out in the first dolore magna aliqua (MOH, 2007).
citation and
abbreviated
thereafter.
1.5 • Example:
Similar Resilience is seen as the ability to
information overcome adversary, combat stress and
referred to by bounce back from hardship (Dawson,
more than one 2006; Overton, 2005).
author Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
List the sources in consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
alphabetical order eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et
within the brackets, dolore magna aliqua. (Brink, 2010;
Sorensen, 2009; Vissing, 2004).
separated by a semi-
colon.
 • Example:
1.6
Different works Eyes are susceptible to melanoma,
even though it is rare (Cancer Society of
with the same New Zealand, 2013a).
author, same
According to Cancer Society of
year New Zealand (2013b), lorem ipsum dolor
Differentiate works sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed
do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore
with the same author et dolore magna aliqua.
and same year by
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
assigning lowercase consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
letters a, b, c, etc. eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et
dolore magna aliqua (Cancer Society of
New Zealand, 2013c).
1.7
Citing a • Example:
secondary Fawcett (as cited in Polit & Beck,
source 2008) outlined the four main concepts…
If the information
you wish to use is According to Jones (as cited in the
cited by another World Health Organization, 2009), the
author, four main concepts of lorem ipsum dolor
acknowledge the sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed
source you have do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore
et dolore magna aliqua.
read, showing it is
a secondary
source.
2.
Direct
Quotes
When using a quote, it must be copied exactly as written in the
original work including any punctuations or incorrect spelling.
Include the authors’ last name, year of publication and page
number/s.
 • Example:
2.1 “Time is gold” (Jones, 2010, p.7).
Short Quote
To indicate a short
“Self-directed learning is also a
quote (less than 40 term with which you will become
words), enclose the familiar as you study in Australia or
quotation within New Zealand. Students are expected to
double quotation take responsibility for their own learning
marks. and organize their own study” (Hally,
2009, p.7).
2.2 • Example:

Longer Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur

Quote adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt
For a quote that is
ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum
more than 40 words,
include it in your dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do
essay as a eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore
freestanding piece
magna aliqua. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
of text and do not
use quotation marks. consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod

Double-space the tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna

entire quote.
aliqua. (Hally, 2009, p.6)
2.3
Quotations • Example:
from online “The WTN exists to encourage
resources serendipity – the happy accidents of
colliding ideas and new relationships
Direct quotes from that cause the biggest breakthrough for
online material individuals and institutions” (World
provide the author, Technology Network, 2014, para. 3).
year and page
number within
brackets. If the page
number is unknown,
use the paragraph
number.
True or False
Everything that appears in
your reference list will have
been cited in text.
True or False
All information from other
authors are cited EXCEPT
paraphrased ones since you
have already put it in your
own words.
Identify
When citing in text, use the
authors’
1. ________
2. ________
Right or Wrong
Pulawin (June 30, 1998)
synthesized that some
students who have high test
anxiety exert more effort in
studying.
Right or Wrong
The relationship between the
levels of test anxiety and
academic learning and
achievement may either be
linear or curvilinear (as cited
in El-Anzi, 2005).
Right or Wrong
“Effective teaching is an art of getting
information to the student’s memory in an
organized manner to facilitate later
retrieval. When teachers take charge of
knowledge, view it as a process, and
understand how to work with it, they take
charge of the knowledge-construction
process and better help their students”
(Hutchison and Padgett, 2007).
Right or Wrong
Carillo, Lee, Bruner, Calipjo and
Rickey (2005) asserts that in order for
students to build science concepts,
teachers should avoid simply providing
answers to students’ conceptual
questions; rather, the teacher should
guide students to discover their own
answers based on experimental
observations.
Right or Wrong
The Philippines is one of the
many developing nations that
had turned to information and
communication technology (ICT)
as a tool to improve teaching and
learning (Rodrigo, 2002) &
(Edelson, 2001).
Right or Wrong
Time is gold (Castillo, 2010a).
Time is golder (Castillo, 2011b).
Time is goldest (Castillo, 2012c).
Right or Wrong
According to Angelica, children
learn and imitate behaviors
they have observed in other
people.
3 BASIC RULES
Reference 1. Arranged in alphabetical order of
List the authors’ last names
An accurate and 2. In case 1.6, order them by
properly constructed publication date from the oldest to
reference list the newest
provides credibility 3. No author – Title moves to that
to the written work it position and alphabetized by the
accompanies. first significant word (excluding
“A” or “The”)
4. Use ampersand “&” when listing
multiple authors of a source
3 BASIC RULES
Reference 5. The first line of the list is left-
List justified, while all subsequent
lines are consistently indented
An accurate and
properly constructed 6. Only first word of the title and
reference list subtitle plus any proper names are
capitalized
provides credibility
to the written work it 7. Italicize the title of the book,
accompanies. journal/serial and the title of the web
document
8. ALL INFORMATION SOURCE ARE
ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY IN
ONE LIST