PAPR REDUCTION OF OFDM SIGNALS USING

SLM AND CLIPPING HYBRID SCHEME

PROJECT MEMBERS: GUIDE NAME:

Imman Kumar P - 513415106011 Dr. M.Malleswaran M.Tech., Ph.D,
Prasanth S - 513415106027 Head of the Department,
Department Of ECE,
University College of Engineering,
Kancheepuram.
ABSTRACT

 Clipping and Filtering Technique

 Selective Mapping Technique
 Hybrid SLM and RCF
 Performance Analysis
 Simulation Result
 Simulation Result Analysis
Block diagram of Transmitter and Receiver in an OFDM system
CLIPPING AND FILTERING
o Clipping limits the maximum amplitude of OFDM signal to a
pre-specified level.

o The simplest and most widely used technique of PAPR

reduction is to basically clip the parts of the signals that are
outside the allowed region.

o Technique used : Repeated Clipping and Filtering

Repeated Clipping and Filtering

o Repeated Clipping and Filtering Technique gives better result compared to

single clipping and filtering .
o In this technique the peak regrowth which is generated in filtering can be
minimized.
o In RCF the signal is clipped by repeating process many times before feeding
to power amplifier.
o The process of repetition exhibit on the signal , the PAPR decreases, but error
rate increase due to increase in number of repetition.
Clipping Ratio

It is the ratio of clipping level ‘A’ to the root mean square power ‘σ’
of unclipped signal.

CR=20 log10(A/σ)

Merits
o It’s the simplest method.
o Hardware implementation is simple.
o Restricts the peak of OFDM signal to predefined value.
Drawbacks:

o Clipping causes in-band signal distortion, resulting in BER performance

degradation.

o Clipping also causes out-of-band radiation, which imposes out-of-band

interference signals to adjacent channels. Although the out-of-band signals
caused by clipping can be reduced by filtering, it may affect high-frequency
components of in-band signal (Aliasing) when the clipping is performed with the
Nyquist sampling rate in the discrete-time domain.

o However, if clipping is performed for the sufficiently-oversampled OFDM signals

in the discrete-time domain before a low-pass filter (LPF) and the signal passes
through a band-pass filter (BPF), the BER performance will be less degraded.
Block diagram of PAPR reduction scheme using Clipping and Filtering
Selective Mapping Technique (SLM)

o In SLM, the basic idea is to generate a set of OFDM signals, all of them
representing the same data block, and then transmitting the one with the
lowest PAPR .

o In SLM, the input data sequences are multiplied by each of the phase
sequences to generate alternative input symbol sequences.

o Each of these alternative input data sequences are then applied to IFFT
operation, and then the one with the lowest PAPR is selected for
transmission

o Advantage: No distortion is introduced.

SLM:

Input Data Block X= {X[0],X[1],X[2],……..X[N-1]}

𝑢 𝑢 𝑢 𝑢
Phase Sequence 𝑷
𝒖
=[ 𝑃0 , 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 ,………, 𝑃𝑁−1 ]
𝑗𝜑𝑣𝑢
where, 𝑃𝑣
𝑢
= 𝑒 , ɸ𝑢𝑣 𝜖[0,2𝜋)
for v = 0,1,2,….,N-1 and u = 0,1,2,…..,N-1
Modified Data Block 𝑿 = {𝑋 0 , 𝑋 1 , 𝑋 2 ,……,𝑋 𝑁 − 1 }
𝒖 𝑢 𝑢 𝑢 𝑢

IFFT sequence 𝒙𝒖 = {𝑥 𝑢 0 , 𝑥 𝑢 1 , 𝑥 𝑢 2 , … . . , 𝑥 𝑢 𝑁 − 1 }
Drawbacks of SLM

o It is more computationally complex because more than one IFFT blocks are
used.

o It decreases the data rate because the selected signal index, called side
information, must also be transmitted to allow for the recovery of the original
data block at the receiver side.

o The eventual loss of the side information during transmission significantly

degrades the error performance of the system since the whole data block is
lost in this case.
Block diagram of PAPR reduction scheme using Selective
Mapping
Hybrid SLM and Clipping Scheme

o Firstly, the SLM technique is applied.

o SLM improves the PAPR and control BER.
o Then the application of modified clipping further improves the PAPR
Block diagram of PAPR reduction scheme using Joint SLM
and Clipping
 SIGNAL TRANSMITTER RECEIVER
POWER INCREASE DATA RATE LOSS
DISTORTION PROCESSING PROCESSING

AMPLITUDE
CLIPPING YES NO NO NONE
CLIPPING

SIDE INFORMATION
EXTRACTION,
SLM NO NO YES U - IFFT
INVERSE
SLM

AMPLITUDE SIDE INFORMATION

SLM
CLIPPING EXTRACTION,
+ YES NO YES
AND INVERSE
RCF
U - IFFT SLM
SIMULATED RESULT
 ANALYSIS

ORIGINAL PAPR (dB) PAPR of RCF (dB) REDUCED PAPR (dB) REDUCED PAPR (%)

10.7 ONE CLIPP = 7.9 3 28.03

TWO CLIPP = 6.5 4.2 39.25

THREE CLIPP = 5.7 5 46.72

FOUR CLIPP = 5.3 5.4 50.46

SLM = 5.5 5.2 48.59

Combined=3.5 7.2 67.28

References
o Zainab Saad Hadi AL-Hashmi , “Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in
OFDM system using some new PAPR techniques”, University of Baghdad,
College of Engineering, Electronic & Communications Engineering
Department, 2015.

o Yong Soo Cho, Jaekwon Kim, Won Young Yang, Chung G. Kang, “MIMO-
OFDM WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS WITH MATLAB®”, 2010.

o Victor Cuteanu, Alexandru Isar, “Papr Reduction Of Ofdm Signals Using

Selective Mapping And Clipping Hybrid”, EUSIPCO 2012, p. 2551 – p.2555

o Francisco Sandoval , Gwenael Poitau and François Gagnon, “Hybrid Peak-

to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques: Review and Performance
Comparison”, IEEE Journal Vol 5 2017, p. 27145 – p.27161
THANK YOU