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Ch40 de Moivres Theorem and Simple Application 2003
Ch40 de Moivres Theorem and Simple Application 2003
is
cos n i sin n
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 6
Proofing of
De Moivre’s
Theorem
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 7
Now, let us prove this important
theorem in 3 parts.
1. When n is a positive
integer
2. When n is a negative
integer
3. When n is a fraction
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 8
Case 1 : if n is a positive integer
n2
cos i sin 2
cos 2 i sin 2
cos i sin n
cos n i sin n
cos i sin
n
cos i sin
m
1
cos i sin m
1
cos m i sin m
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 13
1 cos m i sin m
cos m i sin m cos m i sin m
cos m i sin m
cos m sin m
2 2
cos m i sin m
cos m i sin m
cos n i sin n
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 14
Case 3 : if n is a fraction equal
to p/q, p and q are integers
cos i sin p p
p
q cos i sin
q q
q is an integer
but,
cos i sin p
cos p i sin p
p is an integer
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 16
q
p
cos i sin cos i sin
p p
q q
p
cos i sin cos i sin q
p p
q q
Thus 1 S .
Now,
r k 1
cosk 1 i sin k 1
Thus k S k 1 S.
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 20
The hypothesis of Mathematical
Induction has been satisfied ,
and we can conclude that
S N.
Hence,
z r cos i sin r cos n i sin n
n n n
n N
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 21
e.g. 1
10
Let z = 1 − i. Find z .
Soln:
First write z in polar form.
z 1 1
2 2
4 4
5 10 10
2 cos i sin
4 4
5 5
32 cos i sin
2 2
32 cos i sin
2 2
32i It can be verified directly that 1 i 10 32i
cos i sin
cos i sin
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 26
1
z cos i sin cos i sin
z
Hence, 1
z 2 cos
z
1
z 2i sin
z
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 27
Similarly, if z cos n i sin n
n
1
n
cos n i sin n
z
Hence, 1
z n 2 cos n
n
z
1
z n 2i sin n
n
z
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 28
We have, 1
z 2 cos
z
Maximum value of cosθ is 1,
minimum value is -1.
Hence, normally
1
2 z 2
8/25/2019
z
By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 29
What happen, if
1
the value of z
z
z
1
(ii) z 4
4
z
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 32
Do take note of the
following :
4
1
z 2 cos 4
2 4
cos 4
z
1
z 4 2 cos 4
4
z
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 33
e.g. 4
4 4
1 1
Expand z and z
z z
By putting z cos i sin , deduce that
2
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 39
27i 27 cos i sin
2 2
Now suppose z cos i sin
Satisfies z 27i . Then, by De
3
Moivre’s Theorem,
r cos 3 i sin 3 27i 27 cos i sin
3
2 2
cos 3 cos ; sin 3 sin
2 2
This means : 3 2k
2
where k is an integer.
5 5 3 1 3 3 3
z2 3 cos i sin 3 i i
6 6 2 2 2 2
3 3
z3 3 cos i sin 30 i 3i
2 2
z2 z1
z3
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 43
In general : to find the complex
nth roots of a non-zero complex
number z.
1. Write z in polar form :
z r (cos i sin )
n n
2 2
1
z2 r cos
n
i sin
n n
4 4
1
z2 r cos
n
i sin
n n
…etc
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 46
e.g. 7 Find all the complex
fourth roots of -16.
Soln:
Modulus = 16
Argument = ∏
that 3 1
cos cos
5 5 2
prove that
1 0
2
(ii) x 4x 8 0
6 3
3 3 7 7
2 cos i sin , 2 cos i sin , 2 cos i sin
12 12 4 4 12 12
8/25/2019 By Chtan FYHS-Kulai 53
e.g. 12
Prove that
sin 35 sin 21sin 3 7 sin 5 sin 7
7 1
64
where t tan
Use your result to solve the
equation
t 4t 6t 4t 1 0
4 3 2