SCULPTURE

HISTORY AND IT’S DEFINITION

WHAT IS
SCULPTURE ?
 Sculpture is the art of making
figures, such as human forms,
animals or geometrics that can
either be standing freely or
attached to a background
frame, either single or in a
group. When it can stand freely,
it is called three-dimensional or
free-standing sculpture.
Three-Dimensional or
Free-Standing Sculpture

Relief Sculpture Low Relief Sculpture

 Relief Sculpture is when the figure  the figure is raised only a little
is mounted to the background, from the background, as in the
which may either be a frame, a case of coins. In some artworks,
wall or a flat surface the artist cuts into the surface or
carves deep into the material until
High Relief Sculpture the form is incised but separated
from the background
 the form is embossed or raised
above the surface of the
background. The artist, however,
does not show the human figure,
for example, in its actual form and
dimension as the form blends with
the flat background
The Composition of Sculpture
 Sculpture is done either by using subtraction, construction, substitution techniques, or any
combination of these.

Subtraction Substitution
 Carved works are subtractive.  Any material transformable from a
Using a large block of wood or plastic, molten or fluid state can be
stone, the sculptor carves out the molded or cast into a work of
figure or “frees” the figure from sculpture.
imprisonment in its original block
form to give it an artistic look
Construction
 The sculptor chooses a base
material such as metal, plastics,
aluminum, steel or found objects
and then adds other elements to
“construct” the idea or image that
he/she wants to express.
 HISTORY TIMELINE OF SCULPTURE

PREHISTORIC EGYPTIAN 3100 BC – 1200 BC GREEK

3000 BC 2500 BC 1340 BC 1200 BC 5th CENTURY BC 4th CENTURY BC

Venus of Willendorf.
Found at Willendorf in
Austria, and dating from
more than 25,000 years The first civilization to THE SPHINX The sculptures found in ABU SIMBEL TEMPLE The Charioteer of The Aphrodite of
ago, she is only about establish a recognizable the house of Thutmose, Delphi,is one of the best Knidos (or Cnidus) was
The most colossal They serve as a lasting an Ancient Greek
four inches high. More artistic style is Egypt. court sculptor at Tell el known statues surviving
sculpture of the ancient monument to the king sculpture of the
than 100 fertility figures This style follows a Amarna, reveal the level from Ancient Greece,
world is the Egyptian and his queen Nefertari, goddess Aphrodite creat
of this kind have been strange but remarkably of realism achieved in and is considered one of
sphinx. The great lion and commemorate his ed
found in an area consistent convention, 14th-century Egypt - the finest examples of
with a human face is victory at the Battle of by Praxiteles of Athens
reaching from France to by which the feet, legs inspired by the ancient bronze
carved from the centre Kadesh. Their huge around the 4th century
southern Russia. and head of each instruction of the sculptures. The life-size
of a limestone quarry, external rock BCE. It is one of the first
human figure are shown pharaoh, Akhenaten, (1.8m)] statue of
after the tons of stone relief figures have life-sized
in profile, but the torso, that the artists should a chariot driver was
which once surrounded become iconic. representations of the
shoulders, arms and eye aim for truthfulness. found in 1896 at the
it have been hacked and nude female form in
are depicted as if from Sanctuary
dragged away to form Greek history, displaying
the front. The best known are the of Apollo in Delphi.
the greatest of the three an alternative idea to
•Some time after 3000 nearby pyramids, that of various heads of
Akhenaten's wife, male heroic nudity
BC it becomes the the pharaoh Khufu.
practice in Egypt for Nefertiti. One in
seated statues of royal particular (now in Berlin)
people and has become perhaps the
. most famous of ancient
distinguished officials to
be placed in their tombs Egyptian sculptures.
 HISTORY TIMELINE OF SCULPTURE

GREEK INDIAN ROMANESQUE

Winged Nike Roman Portraits 3rd CENTURY HINDU BUDDHISM 9TH

5th – 4th – 12
century BCTH Title
CENTURY
The presentation tends Romanesque, a word The capitals of columns,
Winged Victory of The Equestrian Statue INDIAN SCULPTURE The Seated Buddha
to be frontal, as though not coined until the 18th carved with nothing
Samothrace of Marcus Aurelius is the figures are posing from Gandhara is an
The lively traditions of early statue of century, is first used to more exotic than
it was suggested that an ancient for the camera. From the
Indian sculpture date the Buddha discovered describe the architecture acanthus leaves in the
the Victory was erected Roman statue in start, among other
back to the first Indian at the site of Jamal of western Europe from classical tradition,
by the Capitoline themes, there are
empire, that of Garhi in about the 9th to 12th provide one area in
the Macedonian general Hill, Rome, Italy. It is examples of Hindu art's
the Maurya dynasty. ancient Gandhara in century. It has become which the Romanesque
Demetrius made of bronze and most abiding image -
Sculptors begin to carve modern-day Pakistan, applied by extension to sculptor lets his
Poliorcetes after stands 4.24 m (13.9 ft) magnificent young
tall. Although the characters and scenes that dates to the 2nd or other arts, in particular imagination run wild. In
his naval women, nude, full- sculpture. But the term abbey cloisters of the
victory at Cyprus, emperor is mounted, it from the stories of 3rd century AD.
breasted, and often in remains most period (and abbots are
between 295 and 289 exhibits many India's three
some strikingly athletic appropriate to among the main patrons
BC similarities to standing interconnected religions pose (as in the famous
- architecture, where the of art in the
statues of Augustus temples of Khajuraho, of
Hinduism, Buddhisma round arches of Romanesque centuries)
about the 11th century Romanesque can easily the tops of the pillars are
nd to a lesser AD). Occasionally these
extent Jainism. be seen as what the often alive with vivid
are just female name implies - a biblical scenes or
attendants, but more continuation of the endearingly grotesque
often they are Roman tradition. monsters, cunningly
characters of legend. carved to make the most
of the available shape.
 HISTORY TIMELINE OF SCULPTURE

ROMANESQUE GOTHIC RENNAISANCE

Winged
9TH Nike Roman Portraits
– 12TH CENTURY 3rd CENTURY12TH – 15HINDU
TH CENTURYBUDDHISM 5th – 49thTH – 12BCTH
century Title
CENTURY
By contrast Gothic An important element
Sculpture on Sculpture on The Gothic style,
though also used in
sculptures are tall and Chartres offers the
earliest surviving
of the Renaissance is STATUE OF DAVID
thin, reflecting the by Michelangelo
Romanesque Romanesque secular buildings, is
most associated with
soaring vertical lines of examples of Gothic
the rediscovery of the
realistic free-standing 1499-1505
architecture architecture the great cathedrals of
the new style. Alcoves
to each side of high
sculpture. human figure as
sculpted in Greece and
Europe. There are cathedral porches are
certain immediately Rome. But the
the favourite location emergence
recognizable for these figures. The
characteristics in any of Renaissance
abbey church of St sculpture is not nearly
Gothic cathedral. Denisis again the as sudden a process as
pioneer, but the wise the change involved
and foolish virgins in Renaissance
either side of the porch architecture. In this
there have been much era well known artisans
damaged and where born like
restored. Chartresoffe Donatello,
rs the earliest surviving Michelangelo, Da
examples of Gothic Vinci and many more
sculpture.