Health Promotion &

Health Education

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PivWY9wn5ps

NU1103
21st May 2018
Patricia Simpson
Aims

• To identify what is health promotion and education

• To discuss the role of the nurse in health promotion

and education.

• LO 2 Access information about and demonstrate an understanding of the

provision of health care at a national and local level

• LO 3 Describe the evidence base underpinning approaches to health and

well being
Some Key Health Promotion messages

2,000 calories/day for women

2,500 calories/day for men
 Stand up if you have seen/heard these
health promotion messages?

• Sit down if you have NOT eaten 5 fruit or

vegetables everyday in the last 7 days
• Sit down if you have NOT eaten 5 fruit or
vegetables everyday in the last 30 days
• Sit down if you have NOT eaten 5 fruit or
vegetables everyday in the last 365 days

Nurses are seen as role models ……if it is difficult for you to adhere to these PH messages:
What do you think it is like for your patients?
What is Health Promotion?

“Health promotion is the process of

enabling people to increase control over,
and improve, their health.”
(Ewles & Simnett 2004)

Health promotion has a broad remit and is linked to social policy and legislation
Health Promotion

• Usually refers to activities on a large scale

• Involves social, political and economic change in order to
ensure that the environment is conducive to health
• Can encompass a nurse educating an individual about
their health needs
• Demands the nurse attempts to address the wider
environmental and social issues that adversely affect
peoples health – Discuss?
Characteristics of Health Promotion

• Involving the population (or specific sub- groups)

as a whole
• Using different complementary methods and
approaches
• Aimed at public participation
• Valuing lay knowledge (self-help groups)
• Working in harmony with a healthy public policy
(Forster in Kenworthy et al 1996)
Many organisations are involved in health
promotion

The NHS is a primary driving force in

health promotion

All members of the Multidisciplinary Team

(MDT) are involved in promoting health
 Preventive
health services

Community Economic and

based work regulatory
activities

AREAS OF HEALTH
PROMOTION
ACTIVITY
Environmental
Health
health measures
education
programmes

Organisational
development Healthy public
policies
WHO Health Targets
The pre-requisites for health
Peace
Social justice
Adequate & wholesome food
Safe water
Decent housing & sanitation for
everyone
Education for everyone
Secure employment so that
everyone has a valued and
rewarding role in society
The targets
Equity in health
The addition to years of life
The addition of health to life
Identification and promotion of
healthy behaviour
The introduction of policies
Healthy environment
Development of health services
Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion

The Charter encompasses five main elements guiding strategies for action:

1. Building healthy public policy

 Non-smoking policy, Drink Drive Policy
2. Creating supporting environments
 Healthy food choices, Easy access to condoms
3. Strengthening community action
 Creating community action
4. Developing personal health skills
 Food product labelling, Parenting skills
5. Reorienting health services towards new health-promoting functions
 Blood pressure screening at chemist, Breast feeding support in community
Health Promotion Models

• Used to help plan and deliver health promotion in the practice

setting
• Each model is different and may emphasise one or more
approach
• Tannahill model
• Beatties model
• Health belief model
Approaches to HP

• Social change
• Educational
• Client centred/empowerment
• Medical or preventative
• Behaviour change (Ewles and Simnett, 2003)

These approaches are not mutually exclusive, not linear, overlap and
can be used at the same time)
 Social change

• Targeted more towards groups and

populations
• Aims to change the physical, social or
economic situation
• Often uses legislation and policy
• Radical approach which aims to change
society
• Healthy choice becomes easier

• Are you aware of any of these?

• “Government guidelines recommend that adults should be active on
a daily basis and over a week, moderate intensity activity should
add up to at least two and a half hours. This could be completed by
doing 30 minutes of activity on at least five days of the week”

• Is this achievable?

• Population surveys have reported that the prevalence of physical

inactivity is higher in:
some ethnic minority groups
people in low-income households
those in lower social classes
people with low levels of education
Health Education

• Is a part of health promotion

• Refers to those activities that raise an individual’s

awareness

• Provides the individual with the health knowledge

required to enable them to decide on a particular
action.
What is health education?

• “A process with intellectual, psychological & social

dimensions relating to activities that increase the abilities
of people to make informed decisions affecting their
personal, family and community well-being. This process,
based on scientific principles, facilitates learning &
behavioural change in both health personnel &
consumers, including children & youth.”

(Ross & Mico 1997 cited in Hubley & Copeman 2008)

Effective health education may:

• Produce changes in knowledge

• Produce changes in understanding
• Influence/ clarify values
• Bring about some shift in belief/ attitude
• Facilitate acquisition of skills
• Effect changes in behaviour or lifestyle
At what levels does health education occur?

• Individual
• Group
• Community
• Population
• National
• Global
Who Promotes/Educates & How?

Lois Griffin: Age 38

• Health issues: Depression/smokes 15 per day
• Risks: Heart Disease, suicide, addiction to prescription
meds, respiratory problems, domestic abuse
Educational leaflets
Brief intervention
Motivational interviewing
Health Visitor Referral to specialist services
Smoking cessation Advisor Health checks – BMI, vital
Pharmacist signs/lifestyle, routine bloods
GP (cholesterol/glucose levels/liver
Practice Nurse function), family history
Counsellor Nicotine replacement therapy
NICE Community schemes
Health Policy Parenting groups
 Peter Griffin Age 40
• Health issues: obese, alcohol misuse
• Risks: Heart disease, type 2 diabetes, liver disease,
domestic abuse

Educational leaflets
Brief intervention
Motivational interviewing
Referral to specialist services
Health checks – BMI, vital
Health Visitor signs/lifestyle, routine bloods
Practice nurse (cholesterol/glucose levels/liver
Pharmacist function), family history
GP Nicotine replacement therapy
Counsellor Community schemes
NICE Gym on prescription
Health Policy
 Chris Griffin: Age 15

• Health issues: obese, victim of

bullying

• Risks: type 2 diabetes, cancer,

reduced mobility, depression, Educational leaflets
self-harm, suicide Brief intervention
Motivational interviewing
Referral to specialist
services
Health checks – BMI, vital
School nurse signs/lifestyle, Blood
Teacher glucose, family history
Practice nurse Youth service
Pharmacist Mentoring programme
GP Community schemes
Counsellor Gym on prescription
NICE
Health Policy
 Meg Griffin: Age 16

• Health issues: sexually active/promiscuous, low self

esteem, chlamydia

• Risks: pregnancy, infertility, depression, self harm,

suicide, obesity

Educational leaflets
School nurse Brief intervention
Teacher Motivational interviewing
Practice nurse Referral to specialist services
Sexual health Sexual health screening
professionals Youth service
Pharmacist Mentoring programme
GP Community schemes
Counsellor
NICE
Health Policy
 Stewie Griffin: Age 2

• Health issues: variety of carers

• Risks: dental decay, obesity, measles (no vaccinations)

Parents
Register with
Health Visitor dentist
Practice nurse Vaccination
Pharmacist programme
GP Parenting
Dentist programmes
Counsellor nursery
NICE Play schemes
Health Policy Community
 To Summarise…………..

• Health promotion is to enable people/populations to

control and improve their health
• Involves social, political and economic change Health
• Nurses to consider wider social determinants of health Education
• NHS is a primary driving force in Health Promotion

• Health education is part of health promotion to raise Health

individuals awareness
• Nurses have a key role in Health promotion and Health Promotion
Education to facilitate the acquisition of the skills to
support positive behaviours in their clients