Unit-5

COMPUTER AIDED QUALITY

CONTROL
by
V. Kula Sekhar Reddy
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Swarnandhra college of Engineering and Technology
Inspection methods
1. Contact Inspection Methods
a. Coordinate measuring Machining (CMM)
b. Machine Vision
2. Non Contact Inspection Methods
i. Optical Techniques
a. Machine Vision
b. Scanning laser Beam device
c. Photogrammetry
ii. Non-optical Techniques
a. Electrical field technique
Reluctance
Capacitance
Inductance
b. Radiation Techniques
c. Ultrasonics
Contact Inspection Methods
The Equipment contact with workpiece when inspection
Coordinate measuring Machining (CMM)
• Consists a table, registered position and
movable head which holds sensing probe
(moves in x, y, z direction).
• During operation the probe brought into
contact with part surface to be measured.
• Typical accuracy: ±0.0002 in (0.0051mm)
• It is operated like NC machine tool
• Saving inspection time up to 5-10%
compared to traditional method
• Consistency in the in inspection process
Non Contact Inspection Methods
Without contacting surface of work-part inspection completed
Advantages over Contact type Inspection method
1. Eliminates repositioning of work-part
2. Faster than contact type
3. No wear and tear
4. Reduces potential danger to people
5. Eliminate the damage of surface of work-part
Optical Techniques
• It is a dominant technique in non contact type
• It generally depends on micro electric technique and computer
processing of sensing signal
• The following systems use some form light sensor or photo sensitive
material
a. Machine Vision
b. Scanning laser Beam device
c. Photogrammetry
Machine Vision
• Microprocessor-based television and computer vision.
• Consists of a TV camera, a digital computer, and an interface between
them that functions as a pre-processor
• The combination of system hardware and software digitizes the
picture and analyses the image by comparing it with data stored in
memory
• The data are often in the form of a limited number of models of the
objects which are to be inspected
limitations of machine vision
1. Problem of dividing the picture into picture elements. This is very
similar to the problem encountered in the development of graphics
terminals for computer-aided design.
2. The object in front of the camera must be capable of being divided
into areas of contrasting lightness and darkness.
3. On the capability of machine vision systems recognize the object in
the viewing area.
Machine vision inspection problems
1. Noncontact gaging of dimensions
2. Inspection based on pattern recognition of object features
Machine vision inspection problems
1. Noncontact gaging of dimensions
It involves the inspection of part size and other features where it
is not necessary to process the image of the entire part out line, only
those portions that must be examined for dimensional accuracy.
2. Inspection based on pattern recognition of object features
It is based on pattern recognition techniques. In this category,
the attributes of the object to be inspected are typically more
subjective and in some respects more complicated than part
dimensions. comparison of features (for example, area, perimeter, and
so on) between the object being inspected and the model of the object
stored in computer memory.
Scanning laser beam devices
• It relies on the measurement of time rather than light
• A laser is used to project a continuous thin beam of light
• A rotating mirror deflects the beam so that it sweeps across the
object to be measured
• The light sensor is located at the focal point of the lens system to
detect the interruption of the light beam as it is blocked by the object
• The time lapse corresponding to the interruption of the light beam is
measured to determine the desired dimension of the part
• Typically, a microprocessor is programmed to make the conversion of
the time lapse into a dimensional value and to perform other
functions, such as signalling an automatic parts-rejection mechanism
to eject a defective part from the line.
Photogrammetry
• Photogrammetry involves the extraction of three-dimensional data
from a pair of photographs taken at different angles
• The two photographs can be combined much in the way that a
stereoscope uses a pair of photographs to form a three-dimensional
image for the viewer.
• The two photographs are read by a device called a monocomparator
to establish coordinates and positions of objects
• The drawback of the conventional photogrammetry technique is the
need for photographs, an inconvenient and time-consuming step in
the procedure.
• the images Freire two cameras set up in a stereoscopic configuration
will send visual data directly to a computer for mathematical analysis
and real-time extraction of dimensional data