Intravenous Fluid

PNSS – Plain Normal Saline Solution

Type of Solutions Content / Indications Nursing
Classification Responsibility
s
Plain normal Isotonic Used to give Monitor
saline Solutions intravenous fluids patients for
solutions or with 0.9% to the patients symptoms of
PNSS sodium suffering from sluggish flow,
chloride salt and infection,
water deprivation inflammation
Check level of
IVF
Change IVF if
needed
PNSS
 D5NM – Balance Multiple Maintenance
Solutions with 5% Dextrose
Type of Content / Indications Nursing Responsibility
Solutions Classifications

D5NM Hypertonic Is indicated for Do not administer

Fluid and parenteral unless solutions
Electrolyte maintenance of are clear and
replenisher routine daily fluid container in
and electrolyte undamaged
requirement with Cautions should
minimal CHO and be exercise in the
calories administration
D5NM
D5LR – Lactated Ringer’s Solution with 5%
Dextrose
Type of Content / Indications Nursing
Solutions Classifications Responsibility

D5LR Hypertonic Treatment for Do not

Fluid and persons needing administer
electrolyte extra calories unless solutions
replenisher who cannot are clear and
Electrolyte tolerate fluid container in
overload undamaged
(Na, K, Ca,
Cl) For shock Cautions should
treatment be exercise in
5% Dextrose the
administration
D5LR
 D5NSS – 5% Dextrose in 0.9% Sodium
Chloride
Type of Content / Indications Nursing
Solutions Classifications Responsibility

D5NSS Isotonic Used for Asses patient for

Solutions hypotension due sign of
Same to hypovolemia hypervolemia
particles Shock such as
dissolved in Hyperkalemia bounding pulse
plasma and and SOB
Blood
good choice Transfusion
of fluid
replacement
D5NSS
 D5IMB – Balanced Multiple Maintenance Solution with
5% Dextrose
Type of Content / Indications Nursing
Solutions Classifications Responsibility

D5IMB Hypertonic Slow Do not administer

Solution administration unless solutions
Contains essential to are clear and
Electrolyte prevent overload container in
(100 mL/hr) - undamaged
Water Cautions should
intoxication - be exercise in the
Severe sodium administration
depletion
D5IMB
 D5W – 5% Dextrose in Water
Type of Content / Indications Nursing
Solutions Classifications Responsibility

D5W Water with Used to hydrate Do not

5% Dextrose the patient administer
Hypotonic Dilutes other unless solutions
medications or are clear and
IV Prevents the container in
over use of undamaged
CHON by Cautions should
increasing CHO be exercise in
the
administration
Common Electrolytes
 Sodium (Na)
 One of the major extra cellular fluid in the body or Cation
 Responsible for muscle contractions and relaxations
 Also responsible for nerve impulses transmission
 Sodium regulates the total amount of water in the body and
the transmission of sodium into and out of individual cells
also plays a role in critical body functions. Many processes
in the body, especially in the brain, nervous system, and
muscles, require electrical signals for communication.
 Normal value 135 – 145 mEq/L
 Sodium
 Increased sodium (hypernatremia) in the blood occurs
whenever there is excess sodium in relation to water. There
are numerous causes of hypernatremia; these may include
kidney disease, too little water intake, and loss of water due to
diarrhea and/or vomiting.
 A decreased concentration of sodium (hyponatremia)
occurs whenever there is a relative increase in the amount of
body water relative to sodium. This happens with some
diseases of the liver and kidney, in patients with congestive
heart failure, in burn victims, and in numerous other
conditions.
 Potassium (K+)
 Most abundant electrolytes in the intra cellular,
positive ion
 Responsible for contraction and relaxation of
muscles and muscles of the heart
 Among the many functions of potassium in the body
are regulation of the heartbeat and the function of
the muscles
 Normal value 3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L
 Potassium
 Increased potassium is known as hyperkalemia.
Potassium is normally excreted by the kidneys, so
disorders that decrease the function of the kidneys
can result in hyperkalemia. Certain medications
may also predispose an individual to hyperkalemia.
 Hypokalemia, or decreased potassium, can arise
due to kidney diseases; excessive loss due to
heavy sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea, eating
disorders, certain medications, or other causes.
 Chloride (Cl)
 Is a negative anion found outside the cells and in
the blood
 Sea water has the same concentration of chloride
ion as human body fluids
 Increased chloride (hyperchloremia): Elevations
in chloride may be seen in diarrhea, certain kidney
diseases, and sometimes in over activity of the
parathyroid glands.
 Chloride
 Decreased chloride (hypochloremia): Chloride is
normally lost in the urine, sweat, and stomach
secretions. Excessive loss can occur from heavy
sweating, vomiting, and adrenal gland and kidney
disease.
 Normal value 98 – 108 mmol/L
 Calcium (Ca)
 Is a normal electrolyte that can be found
in the bones and teeth (Positive ions)
 99% of calcium are found in the bones
and teeth while the remaining 1% are
found in the cells and fluid compartments
 Normal value total calcium 8.5 – 10.5
mg/dl ionized calcium 4.65 – 5.25 mg/dl
 Hypocalcemia
 A decrease in the calcium level
 Possible cause is inadequate intake of
calcium, non absorption of calcium,
excessive renal secretion of calcium
 Disorder often related to hypocalcemia is
renal failure, pancreatitis,
hypoparathyroidism,
 Hypercalcemia
 Is an increase in the level of calcium
 Increase absorption of calcium, decrease
secretion of calcium in the urine, bone
deposition
 Common illness associated with
hypercalcemia is hyperparathyroidism,
prolonged immobilization, multiple
fractures, excessive vitamin D intake