Intellectual Revolutions:

Copernican and
Darwinian

Antonio, Balaoeg, Bautista, Beray

 1. To discuss the paradigm shifts through
history;
2. To explain how Nicolaus Copernicus and
Charles Darwin changed the way how
Objectives humans see the world
3. To describe the technological
advancements that happened in the
Intellectual Revolution.
Intellectual
Revolution
 CHARLES
DARWIN
Real Name: Charles Robert Darwin
Occupation: English naturalist, Geologist, and
Biologist.
Birth Date: February 12, 1809
Place of Birth: Shrewsbury, Shropshire,
England
Died On: April 19, 1882
Education: Christ’s College Cambridge and
University of Cambridge
Known for: The Voyage of the Beagle
The Descent of Man
and Selection
in Relation to
Sex
On the Origin of Species
ACHIEVEMENTS
● Provided scientific
evidence
● On the Origin of Species
● "The Descent of Man" and
"Selection in Relation to
Sex".
● Noted a rich variety of
geological features, fossils
and living organisms
● Solved the puzzle of the
formation of coral atolls.
● Received the Royal Medal
in 1853
● Awarded the Wollaston
Medal in 1859
● Awarded The Copley
Medal in 1853
SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS

● Centrally important in terms of the development of

scientific and humanist ideas

● His theory of evolution is still generally acceptable

DARWIN’S THEORIES

● Common Descent
● Gradualism
● Multiplication
● Natural Selection of the
Survival of the Fittest
 COMMON
DESCENT
All the organism has one common ancestor in

the past and with the change in climate and

habitat, they descended from that unknown

ancestor.
 GRADUALISM
Origin and evolution of new species depends on

the accumulation of changes.

MULTIPLICATION
changes can result in the species with similar in

appearance or completely different in

appearance and behavior.

 Natural selection
or Survival of the
fittest

Termed as the major mechanism in origin and

evolution species.
TYPES OF EVOLUTION

CONVERGENT EVOLUTION

DIVERGENT EVOLUTION
 CONVERGENT
EVOLUTION
- to converge at a point
 DIVERGENT
EVOLUTION
- landing at different points
THEORY OF EVOLUTION vs. THEORY OF CREATION
● Changes in organisms ● Religious belief
brought by time
● True explanations are
● Supported by evidences
○ Fossil Records found in the Bible’s
○ Biochemical genesis
○ Comparative Anatomy
○ Observable Events
 NICOLAUS
COPERNICUS
Real Name: Mikolaj Kopernik
Occupation: Astronomer, Mathematician
Birth Date: February 19, 1473
Place of Birth: Torun, Poland
Died On: May 24, 1543
Education: University of Bologna, University of
Padua, University of Ferrara,
University of Cracow
Known for: Heliocentric Solar System
Quantity Theory of Money
Gresham-Copernicus Law
 Leading Physician in
Warmia

Achievements
● Studied medicine at the University of
Padua in Italy
● Became the private physician to the
Prince-Bishop of Warmia, Lucas
Watzenrode
 The Chancellor of The Frombork Cathed
Chapter

Achievements
● Received his doctorate in canon
law from the University of Ferrara,
Italy
● The Chancellor of the Chapter of
Frombork Cathedral in Poland
 Achieved Expertise in a Wide Variet
of Fields

Achievements
● Never worked professionally as an
astronomer but was named the
founder of modern astronomy
● Prepares maps for the royal council
congress including Warmia, Poland
and Lithuania
 Gresham-Copernicus law

“bad money drives out good”

Commodity Nominal
value value
GEOCENTRIC VS HELIOCENTRIC
MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE
 GEOCENTRIC
MODEL
- the belief that the earth held its place at the center
of the universe and that the sun, the stars and all
of the planets revolved around it
 HELIOCENTRIC
MODEL
Copernicus’ seven general principles:
1. planets don't revolve around a fixed point, and there is
no one specific center in the universe
2. the earth is not the center of the universe; however, it
is at the center of the lunar orbit
3. the center of the universe is near the sun, and all
celestial bodies revolve around it
4. the distance between the earth and the sun is less as
compared to the distance of the stars from the earth as
well as the sun
5. the apparent motion of the stars is due to the daily
rotation of the earth
6. the revolution of the earth around the sun causes the
annual cycle of the sun
7. the apparent retrograde motion of the planets is
caused by the motion of the earth.
QUANTITY THEORY
OF MONEY
- states that money supply has a direct, proportional
relationship with the price level.
SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS

● Laid the foundations for modern astronomy and is the reason

why the world is able to know this much about space now

● Helped pioneer a scientific revolution

● Condemned as heretic by the church for his teachings were

against what was widely accepted by religion

● The Quantity Theory of Money was very popular in the 1980s.

It remains a principal concept in economics until now.