CIVIL ENGINEERING

CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil Engineering is arguably the oldest engineering discipline after
military engineering that deals with the design, construction, measuring and
maintenance of the physical works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams,
airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings
and railways.
It's a science that includes a variety of disciplines including soils,
structures, geology, and other fields.
HISTORY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
4000 AND 2000 BC IN ANCIENT EGYPT AND
MESOPOTAMIA (ANCIENT IRAQ)

 Humans started to abandon a nomadic existence, thus causing a need for the
construction of shelter. Humans started to construct longer lasting shelters in Ancient
Egypt and Mesopotamia.
When transportation gained such importance that it led to the development of the
wheel.
 2800-2400 BC

 Construction of Pyramids in Egypt which considered the first instances of large

structure construction
2550 BC

Imhotep, the first documented engineer, built a famous stepped pyramid for King Djoser
located at Saqqara Necropolis. With simple tools and mathematics he created a
monument that stands to this day. His greatest contribution to engineering was his
discovery of the art of building with shaped stones.
200 BC
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
The Great Wall of China that was constructed which was considered another
achievement of ancient civil engineering. It was built by Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor
of China.
20 BCE
EXTENSIVE HIGHWAY SYSTEM IN EUROPE
The Romans built an extensive highway system throughout their conquered land. Built to
expand trading and move legions quickly, the initial structure still remains.
1450
MACHU PICCHU

The Machu Picchu located in Peru was built around 1450. It was built at the height of the
Inca Empire and built in the Andes Mountains was a huge engineering achievement based
of the fact it had running water and drainage systems throughout the city.
1747
EARLY EDUCATION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS

During the 18th century, civil engineering began to be formally taught. The first
engineering school, The National School of Bridges and Highways, was located in France
and opened in 1747.
John Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed civil engineering who constructed the
Eddystone Lighthouse.
1818

The world’s first engineering society, Institution of Civil Engineers, was founded in London.
In the next two years, Thomas Telford became the its first president.
1835
FIRST U.S. CIVIL ENGINEERING DEGREE

The first civil engineering degree in the United States was awarded in 1835 by Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute.
2018
CIVIL ENGINEERING TODAY

Civil Engineering is one of the professional engineering disciplines that contains design,
construction, structures and maintenance of buildings both man-made and naturally built.
Second oldest engineering, where the oldest is military engineering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
METHODS
THE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT
• In manufacturing, conventional TQM implies a data-driven approach to reducing product
defects over time. The quality of a manufacturing process can be measured on a
quantitative basis using statistical modeling and analysis.
Improved Timelines
Cost-Effectiveness
Enhanced Safety
Improved Workmanship
ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS AND QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT
• Quality improvement is particularly important in compliance-driven environments, such
as projects using federal procurements.
Productive
Supportive
Non-Productive
CURRENT TRENDS IN PRODUCTIVITY
IMPROVEMENT

• Measuring productivity in construction is a multi-faceted task that requires developing

the right metrics and focusing on key goals.
Better Scheduling
Improved Design Practices
Field Employee Training