ICD V/S DSM

ANEENA JOHN
III DC BSC PSYCHOLOGY
ROLL NO: 30
HISTORY OF ICD
• ICD – INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES
• The first international classification edition was known
as International List of Causes of Death , adopted by
international statistical institute in1893.
• WHO was entrusted with ICD at its creation in 1948 and
published ICD-6.
• ICD has been revised and published in series of edition to
reflect the advances in health and medical science .
• ICD-10 was released on May 1990 by 43rd World Health
Assembly and has been used by more than 100
countries around the world.
ICD
• A version ICD-11 was released on 18 June 2018 to allow
member state to prepare for implementation ,i.e.
translating ICD into their national language .
• ICD-11 will be submitted to 144th executive board
meeting in January 2019 and the 72nd World Health
Assembly in May 2019.
• The member states will start reporting using ICD-11 ON
1ST January 2022
• ICD contains description of all known disease with its
diagnostic characteristics .
PURPOSE OF ICD
• It is the foundation for identification of health trends
and statistics globally . It’s the international standard for
reporting diseases and health conditions.
• Diagnostic classification standard for all clinical and
research purposes.
• ICD allows : easy storage , retrieval and analysis of
health information for evidence based decision making
• Data comparison in the same location across different
time period.
HISTORY OF DSM
• DSM- diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders
• In 1952 ,the APA( American psychological association )
published the DSM, followed by DSM-II (1968), DSM-III
(1980), DSM-III-R (1987), DSM-IV (1994) , and DSM-IV-
TR ( 2000)
• The 1st DSM contained about 60 disorders based on
abnormal psychology and psychopathology. It was
criticized for is reliability and validity. Its major
limitation was that it wasn’t tested scientifically
• DSM-II , the changes included 11 major diagnostic
categories ,with 185 diagnosis for mental disorder.
• DSM-III provided specific diagnostic criteria for 265 diagnosis
• Dr.Robert L Spitzer was appointed to lead the changes to
the DSM . Major changes were brought in ,like, anxiety
disorders were grouped together which was later broken
down to different sub groups such as generalized anxiety
disorder, panic disorder,agarophobia and social phobia.
Term neurosis was removed from DSM-III altogether.
• DSM-III-R ,A revision of DSM-III was later published in 1987
with 297 diagnosis
• DSM-IV had about 365 diagnosis
• DSM-V , published in 2013 it has brought in a lot of major
changes such as gender-cultural issues integrated, added
optional alternative model for diagnosis of personality
disorders,etc.
• The structure of DSM : section 1- an introduction and
instructions on how to use new version; section 2:diagnostic
categories; section 3:includes conditions that require
additional research ,glossary .
DIFFERENCES
DSM
• Mainly used in USA .
• Purely for mental disorder.
• Issued by single national
professional body –APA.
• DSM primary constituency is U.S
Psychiatrist.
• Approved by APA members.
• Copyrighted and generates
income for APA.
ICD
• Larger manual ,contains all types
of diseases/disorders . Only
chapter 5 is relevant to mental
disorders.
• Issued by global health agency
with constitutional public health
mission.
• Approved by WHO comprising
of 193 countries.
• It is of low coast and available
DIFFERENCE
DSM ICD
• The criteria is very specific and • Less detailed criteria with
detailed. minimum background
• Used by licensed mental health information to guide diagnosis.
professionals with advanced • Accessible to wide range of
degrees . mental health professionals with
wide educational background.
SIMILARITIES
• Both are diagnosis and categorizing manuals which
require 2 or more symptoms to make a diagnosis.
• ICD and DSM are not self diagnosing manuals, they
are intended to be used by health professionals.
• They both are officially recognized manuals for
mental disorders.