What is a Survey?

Prepared By:
MARISSA C. MARAYAG
MARGELIN L. MARCOS
 What is a Survey?
 A survey is an instrument to collect data that
describe one or more characteristics of a
specific population.
A systematic method for gathering
information
Survey are method of data collection in
which information is gathered through oral or
written questioning.
Why Surveys?
To explain the situation
Problem identification and solving
To measure the change
To study attitudes, behavior and
habits
To formulate a hypothesis
To test hypothesis
Survey Research
 Survey Research involves
collecting data to test hypothesis.
 Survey Research involves the
collection of information from a
sample of individuals through their
responses to questions.
Survey Research
 Survey Research involves collecting data to test
hypothesis.
 Survey Research involves the collection of
information from a sample of individuals through
their responses to questions.
 Survey Research determines and reports the way
things are; it involves numerical data or answer
question about the current status of the subject
of the study
Characteristics Of Survey Research
 Sampling from population
Construction or identification of survey
instrument data collection
Collecting data through questionnaires or
interviews
High response rate
Types of survey

Analytic survey
Descriptive survey
Descriptive Survey
A descriptive survey attempts to picture or
document current condition or attitudes that is,
describe what exist at the moment
 Example:
Audience survey to determine the program taste
Analytical Survey
 An analytical survey attempts to describe and
explain why certain situation exist.
 Example:
Impact of war games on teenagers
Steps in the Process of Survey Research
Step 1:
 Develop hypothesis
 State the problem or topic
 Construct or locate the survey tool
 Sampling
 Pilot test the questionnaire
 Prepare the cover letter
Steps in the Process of Survey Research
Step 2:
 How to record data
 Pilot test the instrument
 Revise the instrument
Steps in the Process of Survey Research
Step 3:
 Decide on target population
 Get sampling frame
 Select sample
Steps in the Process of Survey Research
Step 4:
 Conduct interviews
 Carefully record data
Steps in the Process of Survey Research
Step 5:
 Enter data into computers
 Recheck all data
Steps in the Process of Survey Research
Step 6:
 Describe methods and findings in research report
 Presenting findings to others and critique and
evaluation.
Tools For Survey Research

 Interview
 Questionnaire
Interview

 Structuredinterviews
 Unstructured interviews
Limitations of Interview

 In an interview the quality of the data generated

is affected by the experience, skills and
commitment.
 The interviewer may be biased
 Quality of data may vary
 It is more expensive
Questionnaire

 Forms of Questions
1. Open-ended
2. Closed-ended
Advantages of Questionnaire

 It is less expensive and convenient method of

data collection.
 Provides greater anonymity.
Disadvantages of Questionnaire

 Its less application is limited to a study

population that can read and write.
 Response rate is low as people fail to return the
questionnaire.
 If the respondents interpret questions wrongly, it
affect the quality of information provided.
Survey Research Designs

Cross-Sectional Surveys
Longitudinal Survey
Cross-Sectional Survey Design
A cross-sectional survey is one in which
data is collected from selected individuals
at a single point in time.
Cross-Sectional designs are effective for
providing a snapshot of the current
behaviors, attitudes and beliefs in a
population
Cross-Sectional Survey Design
It provides data quickly
Sample are drawn from the relevant
population and studied once.
It describes the characteristics of that
population at one time but can not give
insight as to the causes of population
characteristics
Cross-Sectional Survey Design
Involveonly one contact with the study
population.
Ex:
Consumer satisfaction with a product
Limitations
Cross-Sectional studies are not effective
Does not provide a broad enough
perspective to inform decisions about
changes in process and system reliability
Ex:
To change the math curriculum in s school
Longitudinal Survey Design
In a longitudinal survey study, data is
collected at two or more times to measure
growth or change.
Useful for studying the dynamics of a topic
issue over time.
 It measure same random sample at
multiple time points
Longitudinal Survey Design
Itis the easiest way of assessing the effect
of naturally occurring events.

Ex:
To ascertain the trends of the demand for
labor
Types of Longitudinal Survey
 Trend survey
Cobort Survet
 Panel Survey
Follow-up Survey
Limitation of Longitudinal Survey
 It is expensive and difficult
Strengths of Survey Research
 High Representativeness
 Low Costs
 Convenient data gathering
 Good Statistical Significance
 Little or No observer subjectivity
 Leads to great objectivity
 Precise result
 Helps to know the social situations
Limitations of Survey

It is charge that survey information

touches only the surface of the research
field and does not make a deeper thrust
into it.
The magnitude of sampling error may be
too large to render the sample results
reasonably accurate.
Limitations of Survey

Itis also charge with demanding of more

time, effort and money.
Insecurity limiting access to the population
of concern
The lack of funding necessary to carry out
a survey