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Subordinating
Conjunctions
Subordinating
conjunctions are parts
of speech that join
dependent clauses to
independent clauses.
Subordinating conjuncti
ons are essential parts of
complex sentences with
include at least two
clauses, with one of the
clauses being main
(independent) and the
other being subordinate
(dependent).
O - ONLY
N – NOW THAT

A – AFTER, ALTHOUGH, AS, AS IF

W – WHEN, WHENEVER, WHETHER,

WHERE, WHEREAS
H - HOW
I – IF,IN CASE, IN ORDER, IN ORDER
THAT
T – THAT, THOUGH
E – EVEN IF, EVEN THOUGH, EVER SINCE

B – BECAUSE, BEFORE
U – UNLESS, UNTIL
S – SINCE, SO THAT
These words not only
introduce the
subordinate clause
but link it to the main
clause. Their chief
function is to make
clear exactly what the
relation between the
two clauses is.
The chief relations
they show are
time, place,
cause, result,
exception,
condition, and
alternative.
Subordinators express various
logical relationships such as:

Purpose : so that, in order

that, in case

Examples:
They read that they may
learn.
They read, so that they may
learn.
Cause and Effect: because,
since, whereas, in as much
as

Examples:
He failed because he did
not study.
He could not stand the wind
and rain since he fell ill.
Manner : as, as if, as
though, in such a way that

Examples:
Tess is acting as if she
knows everything.
Condition : if, even if,
unless, in case, in the event
that

Examples:
If you go with me, I’ll treat
you to a snack.
I’ll not speak to you unless
you go with me.
Place : where, wherever

Examples:
I don’t know where I lost it.
Subordinators express various
logical relationships such as:

Purpose : so that, in order

that, in case

Examples:
They read that they may
learn.
They read, so that they may
learn.
Subordinating Conjunctions

Directions: Choose from among

these subordinating conjunctions
to complete each sentence:

Although
because even
if unless until
while
so that as long as
1. She has decided to move to
Portland there are more
opportunities for employment in that
city.
2. You can borrow my car
you agree to be very careful
with it.
3. They'll have a good corn harvest
this year it rains a lot and
prevents them from harvesting their
crops.
4. Our neighbor is going to buy a gun
she can protect herself from
intruders who break into her
apartment.
5. he can save a lot of
money by taking the bus, Russ still
drives his car into the city every day.
6. Ronald is going to finish his
homework it takes him all
night.
7. My daughter can't wait
she gets her new bike.
8. Stay in the car I go
into the store. I'll be right back.
9. It's a good idea to go to
college for four years
it's possible to get a good
job without a degree.
10. he's overweight, Tony
eats a lot of food before he goes to
bed. That's not healthy.
11. The police can't arrest the suspect
in the crime they have more
evidence against him.
12. Tim's parents will let him have his
own car he pays for his own
insurance and doesn't get into any
trouble.
13. Terry was talking on
the phone and not paying
attention, her kids were making a
big mess in the kitchen.
14. the police caught him
driving while drunk, he lost his
license.
15. Hubert's wife will have to get a
job they can afford to pay
their mortgage and other expenses.
1. She has decided to move to
Portland because there are more opportunities
for employment in that city.
2. You can borrow my car as long as you agree to
be very careful with it.
3. They'll have a good corn harvest this
year unless it rains a lot and prevents them from
harvesting their crops.
4. Our neighbor is going to buy a gun so that she
can protect herself from intruders who break into
her apartment.
5. Although he can save a lot of money by taking
the bus, Russ still drives his car into the city every
day.
6. Ronald is going to finish his
homework even if it takes him all night.
7. My daughter can't wait until she gets
her new bike.
8. Stay in the car while I go into the
store. I'll be right back.
9. It's a good idea to go to college for
four years even if it's possible to get a
good job without a degree.
10. Although he's overweight, Tony eats a
lot of food before he goes to bed. That's
not healthy.
11. The police can't arrest the suspect in the
crime until they have more evidence against
him.
12. Tim's parents will let him have his own
car as long as he pays for his own insurance and
doesn't get into any trouble with it.
13. While Terry was talking on the phone and
not paying attention, her kids were making a
big mess in the kitchen.
14. Because the police caught him driving
while drunk, he lost his license.
15. Hubert's wife will have to get a job so
that they can afford to pay their mortgage and
other expenses.