Hazards caused by

Hydrometeorological
phenomena
Hydrometeorological hazard

• Include tropical
cyclones (also known as
typhoons and
hurricanes),
thunderstorms,
hailstorms, tornados,
blizzards, heavy
snowfall, avalanches,
coastal storm surges,
floods including flash
floods, drought,
heatwaves and cold
spells.
 • The Inter Tropical
Convergence Zone,
or ITCZ, is a belt of
low pressure which
circles the Earth
generally near the
equator where the
trade winds of the
Northern and
Southern
Hemispheres come
together.

Inter Tropical
Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
 • Government agency that
provides information on
meteorological,
astronomical,
climatological activities
in the Philippines is the
Philippine atmospheric,
geophysical, and
The geographical location of the Philippines does astronomical services
not only make it prone to geological hazard but administration(PAGASA).
also to extreme weather.
Common
hydrometeorological
phenomena
•Tornado

•Tropical Cyclone
 • Also known as typhoon for those
occurring in the northwest pacific
and hurricane for those
developing in the Atlantic and

TROPICAL northeast pacific. An intense

circular storm that originates over

CYCLONE
warm tropical oceans and is
characterized by low atmospheric
almost 20 times a year pressure, high winds, and heavy
rain. Drawing energy from the sea
surface and maintaining its
strength as long as it remains
over warm water.
 • WINDS: 30-60 kph may be expected in
at least 36 hrs.
• SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height: 1.25-4.0 meters
DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Very light or no damage to high risk
structures,
• Light to medium and low risk structures
• Slight damage to some houses of very
light materials or makeshift structures
in exposed communities.
•
DAMAGE TO VEGETATION: Some banana
plants are tilted, a few downed and
leaves are generally damaged
Tropical Cyclone warning • Twigs of small trees may be broken.
• Rice crops, however, may suffer
signal #1 significant damage when it is in its
flowering stage.
 • WINDS: 61-120 kph may be expected in at least 24 hrs.
SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height:4.1-14.0 m
Storm surge possible at coastal areas.
• DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Light to Moderate damage to high risk structures;
• Very light to light damage to medium-risk structures;
• No damage to very light damage to low risk
structures
• Unshielded, old dilapidated schoolhouses, makeshift
shanties, and other structures of light materials are
partially damaged or unroofed.
• DAMAGE TO VEGETATION: Most banana plants, a few
mango trees, ipil-ipiland similar trees are downed or
broken.
• Some coconut trees may be tilted with few others
Tropical cyclone warning broken.
• Rice and corn may be adversely affected.
signal #2 • Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with
some heavy-foliaged trees blown down.
 • WINDS: 121-170 kph may be expected in at least 18 hrs.
SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height: > 14.0 meters
Storm surge possible at coastal.
DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Heavy damage to high–risk structures;
• Moderate damage to medium-risk structures;
• Light damage to low-risk structures
• Increasing damage to old, dilapidated residential
structures and houses of light materials (up to 50%
in a community)
• Houses of medium strength materials (old, timber or
mixed timber-CHB structures, usually with G.I.
roofings), some warehouses or bodega-type
structures are unroofed
• DAMAGE TO VEGETATION: Almost all banana plants
are downed, some big trees (acacia, mango, etc.) are
Tropical cyclone warning broken or uprooted,
• Dwarf-type or hybrid coconut trees are tilted or
downed
signal #3 • Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with
heavy foliage blown off; some large trees blown down.
 • WINDS: 171-220 kph may be expected in at least 12
hrs.
SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height: more than 14.0 meters
Storm surge 2-3m possible at coastal areas.
• DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Very heavy damage to high –risk structures.
• Heavy damage to medium risk structures;
• Moderate damage to low-risk structures
• A few houses of first-class materials are partially
damaged
• All signs/billboards are blown down.
• DAMAGE TO VEGETATION: There is almost total
damage to banana plantation,
• Most mango trees, ipil-ipiland similar types of large
Tropical cyclone warning trees are downed or broken.
• Coconut plantation may suffer extensive damage.
signal #4 • Rice and corn plantation may suffer severe losses.
 • WINDS: > 220 kph may be expected in at least 12 hrs.
A Super Typhoon will affect the locality.
SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height: more than 14.0 m
Storm surge more than 3 meters possible at coastal areas
• DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Widespread damage to high-risk structures
• Very heavy damage to medium-risk structures
• Heavy damage to low-risk structures;
• Almost total damage to structures of light in highly exposed
coastal areas.
• Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial
buildings. Severe and extensive window and door damage
• Most residential and institutional buildings of mixed
construction may be severely damaged.
• Electrical power distribution and communication services
severely disrupted.
• DAMAGE TO VEGETATION: Total damage to banana plantation

Tropical cyclone warning #5 • Most tall trees are broken, uprooted or defoliated;
• Coconut trees are stooped, broken or uprooted.
• Few plants and trees survived.
Monsoons
-are
seasonal AMIHAN OR THE NORTHEAST
MONSOONS, BEGINS IN
HABAGAT OR SOUTHWEST
MONSOONS BEGINS IN
winds SEPTEMBER TO MAY OR
JUNE. THE COOL WIND IS
JUNE TO AUGUST OR
SEPTEMBER. HOT AND
FROM NORTHERN CHINA
HUMID ATMOSPHERE
AND SIBERIA MOVING
SOUTHWARDS AS IT REACHES WITH FREQUENT HEAVY
PHILIPPINES. RAINFALL
 TORNADOS
(12-24 TIMES)

• Locally known as (ipo-ipo) is

a rapidly swirling
condensation funnel narrow
end comes in contact with
the ground.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

 • As the wind move towards the center the
impact breaks the object along its path.
a.) STRONG Depending on the strength the whirlwind can
WHIRLWINDS also pick up objects. From midair going down
these objects can smash other objects or his
people as they fall to the ground.
 • Fragments of
destroyed objects
are hurled away,
and soil particles
scatter around the
area. Potentially
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
hitting or slamming
onto a structure or
b.)FLYING DEBRIS AND DUST a person.
 •Tornadoes can destroy
FIRE
power lines and cause fire,
at night sparks seen from
tornado site can mean
snapping power lines that
have been damaged by the
passing tornado.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Hydrometeorological
hazard-prone area in
the Philippines