“CANCELLATION OF ECG FROM EMG SIGNAL”

OUTLINE
• INTRODUCTION.
• MEASUREMENT OF EMG.
• SOURCES OF NOISE
• CONTAMINATION OF EMG SIGNALS.
• REMOVAL OF ECG NOISE FROM SURFACE EMG
 ADAPTIVE FILTERING TECHNIQUE
 OTHER ADAPTATION TECHNIQUES
 BPN, CCN,ANFIS
 RESULTS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
• What is EMG?
– All muscles generate electric signal when they contract.
• Surface EMG (sEMG) and needle EMG
– Non invasive and invasive
– Overall condition of muscle fiber and information about
a single muscle fiber.
• sEMG and nEMG as a diagnostic tool for neurologic
disorder, low back pain, movement disorder etc.
 MEASUREMENT OF EMG

The placements of surface EMG electrodes for recording the right costal
diaphragmatic and external intercostals.
continued…
Contd…

Figure 1: Frequency spectrum of the EMG signal detected from the Tibialis
Anterior muscle during a constant force isometric contraction at 50% of
voluntary maximum.
The respiration monitor
Respiratory EMG in the presence of the ECG
SOURCES OF NOISE
• AMBIENT NOISE
– ORIGINATE FROM SOURCES OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
– 60HZ POWER LINE INTERFERENCE
– LIGHT BULB, FLUORESCENT LAMP ETC.

• MOTION ARTIFACT
– CABLE MOVEMENT
– RELATIVE MOTION BETWEEN SKIN AND ELECTRODE IN THE INTERFACE

 ELECTRICAL ACTIVITIES OF HEART

 ECG ARTEFACT
CONTAMINATION OF EMG SIGNALS

Fig. 2 Raw surface respiratory EMG signal contaminated with ECG

and power line interference signals
 CONTD…
 2 MOST COMMON ARTIFACT WHILE MEASURING RESPIRATORY
MUSCLE
 ECG ARTIFACT
 PLI 50HZ AND 150HZ
 CAN WE USE DIGITAL FILTER TO REMOVE THESE NOISES?
 DUE TO SPECTRAL OVERLAP SOME PART OF THE SIGNAL COMPONENT
WILL ALSO GET ELIMINATED.
 TO PRESERVE THE USEFUL SIGNALS WE GO FOR THE
LMS ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM.
REMOVAL OF ECG ARTIFACT FROM SURFACE EMG
USING LMS ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM
Contd…
• The reference input is correlated in some way
with the noise(ECG) of the primary input.
• The reference input is adaptively filtered and
subtracted from the primary input to obtain
the EMG estimated signal .
• The co-efficient of the filter is adjusted from
time to time.
 CONTINUED…
• LMS is based on the steepest descent algorithm

• The LMS algorithm for updating the weight

vector from sample to sample

where ɳ is the step size which control the rate of convergence.

• The condition for convergence

Where is the max eigen value of the autocorrelation matrix

OTHER ADAPTATION TECHNIQUES
• BACK PROPAGATION NETWORK(BPN)
• CASCADED CORRELATION NETWORK(CCN)
• ADAPTIVE NEURO FUZZY INFERENCE SYSTEM
(ANFIS)
 BPN
• BPN is a feed forward, multilayer network that
uses the supervise mode of learning.
• It uses the gradient descent algorithm to
minimize the non linear and non stationary
interference.
• It contains the input layer, hidden layer, and
output layer.
RESULT

Raw respiratory EMG signal contaminated with ECG signal.

Cleaned EMG signal after adaptive filtering

CONCLUSION
• Using adaptive filtering ECG artefact can be
removed from the surface EMG without
degrading much of the signal characterisctic.
• Also improve signal to noise ratio.
REFERENCES
• Digital Signal Processing A practical approach , 2 nd edition
Emmanuel C. Ifeachor, Barie W. Jervis.
• www.google.com
• www.wikipedia.org
• Rangayyan R M: Biomedical Signal Analysis. A Case-Study
Approach. IEEE Press 2002.
• Haykin S: Neural Networks. A Comprehensive Foundation.
2. ed. Prentice Hall 1999.
• Widrow B and Hoff M E: "Adaptive switching circuits". IRE
Wescon Conv. Rec. Part 4 (1960) 96 – 104.