URBAN HOUSING PROPOSAL

AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA URBaN
CORRIDOR
SPATIAL INCLUSION AND SUSTAINABLE OF
Middle INCOME COMMUNITIES
.

ASIKAOGU ADAUGO .C. PG/Msc/11/10179, Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
task

Design
model
Instructors URBAN PROPOSAL Students data
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
URBaN CORRIDOR
1 Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
introduction PHILOSOPHY
PROJECT TITLE. To promote and encourage interaction which should be
The title of this project is Urban Housing, Amakohia/akwakuma
incoporated in areas where culture and social intolerance are
urban corridor.
bound to exist.
LOCATION.
This project is to be located in Owerri north local Government OBJECTIVE
Area. • To upgrade the existing housing settlement for medium

CLIENT. income levels and intergrate them into the existing

Imo state housing co-operation (I.S.H.C.) in conjunction with settlement
imo state government.
• To provide a decent housing environment that will cater for

.
USERS. the people and serve as a good recreational environment.
The user will be the middle income present and likely cater for
immigrant which will be attracted to Amakohia/Akwakuma
urban corridor, Imo state. and their occupation will range from
STUDY AREA
civil servants, teachers, business men, etc. The study area is Owerri, a rapidly growing urban center
consequent to its designation as the capital of Imo State in
MOTIVATIONS
1976. It has three Local Government Areas, Owerri Municipal,
Owerri is a city which at present has an existing housing area.
Owerri North and Owerri West and is located in the South
The average housing need of the inhabitants of the city has not
eastern Nigeria with longitudinal and Latitudinal locations,
been met.Hence, Owerri housing proposal scheme is generally
longitude 6o321 to 7o111 East and Latitude 6 o21 1 to 6
geared towards solving the housing needs .
o35 1 north respectively.

Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL Students data

2
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
URBaN CORRIDOR 700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
introduction SOCIO-ECONOMIC characteristics OF Owerri
POPULATION AND LAND MASS
200000 the socio-economic activities of the people are farming, civil
180000 servants, business men/women mostly petty traders and
160000
140000 Craftsmen.
120000
100000 LAND MASS INCOME DISTRIBUTION
80000 POPULATION CHART for middle income
60000
40000
20000 24 22 Low middle level-
0
65-81,000
. Middle income-
AREA HQ L /MASS POP 54 87,767.33
municipal Owerri city 58 127213
west Umuguma 295 99265
High middle income-
north. Orie uratta 198 175395 97,852.75
Total 461 401873

Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL Students data

3
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR 700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
introduction
MIDDLE INCOME HOUSING STOCK IN OWERRI
EXPENDITURE ON HOUSING 350 700000
NO OF UNITS
300 House types in
IN STUDY AREA 600000 Owerri
250
the average middle income earner 500000
200
spends about 33percent of his
150 400000
income on housing alone in Owerri.
100 300000
50 200000
. 0

UMUGUMA HOUSING…
TRANS-EGBU HOUSING…
33 100000

PREFAB EXTESION 1

URATTA ROAD HOUSING

PREFAB EXTENSION 2
NO OF UNITS
RENT
0
67

separate yard
block of flat
let in rooms

others
informal
semi detached
traditona/hut
OTHERS
MIDDLE INCOME
EXPENDITURE ON HOUSING
TOTAL HOUSING BY
Observation is that middle income FED/STATE GOV=702
earners spent more than 30prcent of Total no of houses
their income on only housing making =837195

housing unaffordable without Gov.

Source: National population commission 2006
intervention.

Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL Students data

4
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
700 level
LITERATURE REVIEW
SUSTAINABLE
Sustainable means causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore
able to continue for a long time.
URBAN
According to the oxford dictionary urban is related to the(or any )city.
Characteristics of city life.

URBAN HOUSINGs
Housing in simple terms is a layout of city dwelling units( buildings) forming a
neighbourhood that provide shelter and comfort for people.
ROW HOUSING
house adjoining others: one of a line of houses joined to each other
by their side walls.

HOUSE
A house Is a home, building, or structure the primary function of which is to be
occupied for habitation by humans or other creatures.

HOUSEHOLD
Is "the basic residential unit in which economic production, consumption, inheritance,
child rearing, and shelter are organized and carried out.

Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL Students data

5
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
Arc. C.E Duruji URBAN CORRIDOR 700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
LITERATURE REVIEW
HISTORY OF HOUSING
The principal building of the ham was a long hall called the heal.
These northern men supported their buildings with frameworks of
heavy timber or wood and filled the spaces between the wood
with clay.
Some of these houses developed into the fortified castles of the
Middle Ages, with thick stonewalls, water filled moats,
upright wooden beams between the trundle. Then they
fastened crossbeams at the top and bottom of the beams
and added slanting braces. They covered the walls with lath,
or thin wooden strips, plastered with a mixture of clay and
straw. By l500s, many more additions were made to such
houses.

and drawbridges. Inside the walls, people built stables for horses, LIVING IN THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ERA
.
barracks for soldiers, shops for making tools and weapons, During the 1700s, many products
kitchens, dining halls, and even a prison for captured enemies.
including houses became cheaper and more abundant.
Around the 1400s, Europeans began building half-timbered
Homes became more comfortable in the 1800s, as iron
houses, with stone or brick foundations. They placed a tree trunk
stoves replaced the fireplaces. Kerosene lamps took the
at each corner of the house, and set
place of candles, and gaslight later replaced both. Indoor
toilets also became common then.

Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL Students data

6
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR 700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
 LITERATURE REVIEW
HISTORY OF HOUSING IN NIGERIA
PRE-COLONIAL ERA
In the pre-colonial era, social housing was not present. The building were the village halls, shrines,
king’s palaces, market squares and play ground. Aslo thoughout the era, community efforts were
In achieveing built residential houses. These Community efforts inceased to show communial
bonds

POST-COLONIAL ERA MThe post-colonial era includes the post-independent period which dates from 1985-1979. During this
several communities were set up which include the World Bank Assisted Nigeria State Urban Development Programme. The
National Housing policy was set up and launched and Housing Fund was establised in 1992.
.
COLONIAL ERA
The colonial era marked a period of self centeredness on the part of the colonial masters.
This came about due to the fact that the colonial masters at that time never deemed it
necessary to provide decent houses for their counteracts.
PRESENT CONDITION
Contemplation was made by the Obasanjo adminstration in 1999, of a new housing
programme. Under this, it would provide housing units in the federation under a four years period at the rate of 5000 units per
annum. About 2.3million housing units has been established according to the United Nations survery. Presently, World Bank and
some other private sectors has played major role in the housing condition of the country.

Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL Students data

7
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
Arc. C.E Duruji URBAN CORRIDOR 700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
LITERATURE REVIEW
HOUSING TYPES
SINGLE FAMILY HOUSE DUPLEX, TRIPLEX, QUADUPLEX
This is a combination of attached
This is a free standing detached dwelling dwelling
Usually built on exclusively owned Units in two, three, and four attachment
surrounding One units other sides of it by only blank
Land, that can be organized into lawns walls
gardens,
Play areas, courtyards swimming pools
and other
Outdoor family activities. Single family CLUSTERS
houses can This comprises groups of five
. designed in a variety of ways and
Be to ten Attached dwelling
style ranging units. it’s often Found in
From small houses of one, two, or three planned developments or
bedroom ROW HOUSE Joint ownership of land(
Bungalows to large villas and mansions. which may Very often be an
In this type of housing design, each unit
enclosed communal Space
Is separated from the other by only a
and recreational facilities.
blank Wall, though economical, the row
house may lead To a certain
unpleasant monotony. Besides the
Formats of homes and backyard may
deprive residents Of the much needed
environmental stimulus

Students data
Instructors
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL
8
Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
URBASN CORRIDOR 700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
LITERATURE REVIEW
HOUSING TYPES
WALK-UP APARTMENT
This may arguably be considered A
variation of stories row housing
(sometime with each dwelling units
Having direct access to the ground
Via its exclusive stair case. This type
of housing is a popular
Economical form of medium density
Housing type contact with the
Ground and intimate scales are Still
.
maintain the building type Lacks
privacy.
STREET CLASSIFICATION
MID-RISE/HIGHRISE ARTERIAL STREETS/HIGHWAYS
These are groups of dwelling units for They are primarily for movement of
separate families, designed, high Volumes off traffic moving at
organized And stacked on each relatively High speeds. For this class off
other usually with A common vertical streets, Access is almost totally limited
means of movement in convenient adequately clearance should be
locations in order to access upper given in order to allow For expansion/
and lower floors. dualization of roads

Students data
Instructors
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL
9
Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
URBASN CORRIDOR 700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
LITERATURE REVIEW
STREET CLASSIFICATION
BUFFERS
COLLECTOR STREETS
These carry traffic from minor Streets Buffers should be used in The
to major systems of arterials layouts in areas which Are prone to
noise from high Traffic area.
A collector road or distributor road is
a low-to-moderate-capacity road OPEN SPACE
which serves to move traffic from
Provision should be made from
local streets to arterial roads. Unlike
spaces To boast community
arterials, collector roads are
Interaction/recreation such spaces
designed to provide access to
Are necessary for eco. Balance of
residential properties.
. the Environment.
MINOR STREETS
PARKING
These streets receive traffic from
Collector streets to individual Parking within the layout Includes
Land parcels in the layout they usually in curtilage parking And on street
Have the smallest widths parking.
PEDESTRIAN ACCESS
Walkways/paths should be provided
For pedestrian in order to separate
them From vehicular traffic. Trees
should be used to Shade such areas
from the sun.

Students data
Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
URBASN CORRIDOR
10 Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
LITERATURE REVIEW
COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABILITY

Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL Students data
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
Arc. C.E Duruji
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
URBASN CORRIDOR
11 Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
LITERATURE REVIEW
PRINCIPLE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
The essence of green building is an
optimization of one or more of these principles.
1) Sitting and structural design efficiency
2) Energy efficiency
3) Water efficiency
4) Material efficiency
5) Indoor environmental quality
.
enhancement
6) Operational and maintenance
optimization
7) Waste and toxic reduction
8) Cost and pay off

Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL Students data

12
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
Arc. C.E Duruji URBAN CORRIDOR 700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
LITERATURE REVIEW
STREET PATTERNS AND LAND EFFFICIENCY

Instructors
URBAN PROPOSAL Students data
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
13 Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
Arc. C.E Duruji URBAN CORRIDOR 700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 1
Project ; trans – egbu federal housing estate FACILITIES
The low cost housing consist of 2, 3, and 4 bedroom Bungalows
Location ; egbu road , owerri, imo state
Individual, borehole, schools
Climatic region; warm humid zone LAYOUT PLANNING FEATURES
Centrally located activity area Appropriate use of buffer to control
Planner; imo state housing cooperation noise
Total no of units: 239 units completed. Social facilities provided within layout

brief
The
. trans-egbu housing estate is one of the low cost
housing estates located along the outskirt of the old owerri
main town. The site is accessed through the Egbu road. It
has a total complete unit of 239 houses. It is close to the
prefab housing estate and ikenegbu. Chukwuma nwoha
street is a popular street in this area named after an imo
state born footballer who won gold at china 85, with
golden eaglets of Nigeria. This road is one of the longest
streets in owerri,. It links ikenegbu, trans-egbu and imsu with
egbu/umuahia road. Imo state map Owerri locating trans - egbu estate along
Egbu road

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 14 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 1
South elevation East elevation Section

.
Google image showing
the layout and major streets
Floor plan of semi detached bungalow
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
Foundation is strip foundation, Floor system is concrete slab
Wall system is 225mm hollow block wall, Roof is long
span aluminum roofing sheet supported on timber
frame structure.
Zoomed in to show some roads
MERIT DDEMERIT
• Avoidance of cross • No much space for future expansion.
roads • Lack of good storm water drainage
• Poor security control
• Economy of spaces
• Poor planning of interior spaces
• Appropriate setback
• Poor cross ventilation
• No control of noise by street hierachy.
• Lack of green spaces

Zoomed in to show residential streets

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 15 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
 CASE STUDY 2
PROJECT;Lokoja housing scheme
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
alternative 2
Footing system is concrete slab
CLIENT; Light house financials limited
integrated footing
LOCATION; Lokoja kogi state Nigeria Floor system is concrete slab on floor
CLIMATE REGION: tropics which is a high mass floor.

ARCHITECTS: Archcon _ nigeria Wall system is 225mm hollow masonry

block which is Roof system is aluminum
TOTAL AREA; 23.3 hectares with a total of
roofing sheet. a light weight roofing
252 houses
BRIEF system
.
In this alterative scheme
1) The perimeter of 23,3 ha housing estate DESIGN FEATURESS
is fenced with controlled gates and (APPRAISAL)
security posts. The individual houses has
• Good functional relationship of
own fenced courtyards and car parks in
spaces
front accessed directly from the estate
• Light colored roof to avoid heat
service roads
gain
2) There are 3 house types 1, 2, and three
• Light coloured walls.
bedroom bungalow row housing and a
• 1,2,3 bedrooms provided
total of 252 houses

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 16 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 2
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
Footing system is concrete slab integrated footing
Floor system is concrete slab on floor which is a high mass floor.
Wall system is 225mm hollow masonary block which is Roof system
is aluminum roofing sheet. a light weight roofing system

LAYOUT PLANNING FEATURE (APPRAISAL)

Centrally located activity area
Social facilities provided within layout.
.
Security posts and perimeter fencing of individual houses provided
due to high crime rate in the country.
Stream crossing the layout provide enriched the lanscape and
provide alternative supply for water.

DEMERITS
Poor orientation of rooms on site
Lack aestetics and greenery
No open areas and field for relaxation and play
Lack sustainability in design

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 17 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
 CASE STUDY 3
PROJECT: Supertech eco-village
LOCATION: Noida extension, Noida in Gautama buddh nagar district, uttar
pradesh state, India

CLIMATE REGION: temperate,

ARCHITECT: supertech
TOTAL AREA: 550-2695 sq. ft.
BRIEF
Supertech Eco Village 1 Project is a residential community located at Noida
.
Extension, which has been designed to offer 2/3/4 BHK apartments. Eco
Village 1 luxury apartments are exclusively created residences that are perfect
in terms of luxuries and safety. This well-planned community will offer living
spaces available in varied sizes that range from 550-2695 sq. ft. With almost
82% open landscaped area, facilities

FACILITIES
2/3/4 BHK apartments
water & power backup,
health club,
medical Centre
.
Instructors Students data
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 18 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 3 Supertech eco-village
type size(sq..) inr
1br -1t 550 1,732,500
2br -2t 795 2,504,250
2br -2t 1010 3,181,500
3br -2t 1295 4,079,250 3br -2t
1460 4,599,000 3br -3t 1595
4,880,700 3br -3t -bq 1750 5,355,000
4br -4t -bqt 2965 9,072,900
.
1 bedroom – 1bhk
Features:
2 bedroom – I bedroom,
2 bhk
1 toilet,
Features:
2 bedroom, I bathroom, kitchen,
1 toilet,
drawing,
I bathroom, kitchen,
drawing, 2 balconies
2 balconies
Super area – 550sq ft.
Super area – 796 sq ft.
ECO DESIGN 2 ECO DESSIGN 3

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 19 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 3 Supertech eco-village
CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM
Footing Floor system is concrete slab on floor which is a high mass 3 bedroom –
floor. Wall system is brick which is a high mass wall. Roof system is 3 bhk
Spanish tiles which is a light weight roofing system Features:

LAYOUT PLANNING FEATURE( APPRAISAL) 3bedroom,

2 toilet,
Centrally located activity area
I bathroom, kitchen,
Pedestrian street provided to encourage bicycling
drawing,
and pedestrian movement 4 bedroom –
.
Decrease noise on residential streets due to traffic
2 balconies
4 bhk
Super area – 1296sq
resolution using road hierarchy
Features:
Social facilities provided within layout ft.
4 bedroom,

DESIGN FEATURES ( APPRAISAL) 4 toilet,

Good functional relationship of spaces 2 dress drawing
Light colored roof to avoid heat gain in summer dining/family lounge,
Dark colored wall to maximize heat absorption in powder room,
winter. Good orientation of building on site Servant room,
Good orientation of rooms Super area – 2965sq ft.
Roof overhangs as shades

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 20 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 4
MEADOW VIEW HOUSING Hylebos North pierce county washington
PROJECT: Meadow view housing
LOCATION: Hylebos North pierce county washington.
CLIMATE REGION: temperate region
TOTAL AREA:
BRIEF
Pierce County is working with a developer and AHBL
Engineering to bring low impact development technologies to
.
the Meadow on the Hylebos—a sensitive residential
development site in north Pierce County. The site is located on
an important stream system—the Hylebos Waterway. The
intent of the project is to use a variety of LID technologies to
demonstrate the potential benefits to managing runoff volume
and protecting water quality. Due to the proximity to the
Hylebos Waterway, the technologies also offer the potential to
enhance wildlife values by preserving and reintroducing native
vegetation.

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 21 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 4MEADOW VIEW HOUSING

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 22 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 4 Construction system
Footing system is concrete slab integrated footing
Floor system is concrete slab on floor which is a high
mass floor. Wall system is brick which is a high mass wall
Roof system is Spanish tiles which is a light weight
roofing system
Layout planning feature (APPRAISAL)
Close to social facilities and employment area
Centrally located activity area, Provision of abundant
communal spaces and relaxation zone, Social facilities
. provided within layout, Good landscape features

Design features (APPRAISAL)

Compact planning employed to conserve heat
Good functional relationship of spaces
Light colored roof to avoid heat gain in summer
Good orientation of building on site
Good orientation of rooms
Roof overhangs as shades
Sustainable principles incorporated in design

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 23 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBasN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 5
beddington zero energy development
Project: Beddington Zero Energy Development market value to make sustainable economically development

Location: Hackbridge , London Borough of Sutton viable. The 82 homes, and 1,405 square metres (15,120 sq ft) of

Coordinates 51°22′55.5″N 00°09′21.67″W / work space were built in 2000–2002. The project was shortlisted for

51.382083°N 0.1560194°W. the Stirling Prize in 2003.

Status: Environmentally friendly housing Design features (APPRAISAL)

Development
Architect: architect Bill Dunster
. renewable sources generated on site. There are
brief
Designed to be carbon neutral, protecting the environment
and supporting a more sustainable lifestyle. The project was
led by the Peabody Trust in partnership with Bill Dunster
Architects, Ellis & Moore Consulting Engineers, BioRegional ,
Arup and the cost consultants Gardiner and Theobald. The
project was also pioneering
by being the first construction project where a local authority
sold land at below
Principles
Zero energy —The project is designed to use only energy from
777 square metres (8,360 sq ft) of solar panels. Tree waste fuels
the development's cogeneration plant (downdraft gasifier) to
provide district heating and electricity. The gasifier is not being
used, because of technical
implementation problems, though the technology has been
and is being used successfully at other sites.
High quality—The apartments are finished to a high standard to
attract the urban professional. Energy efficient—The houses face
south to take advantage of solar again.

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 24 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URaBN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
CASE STUDY 5
beddington zero energy development
are triple glazed, and have high thermal insulation. Water
efficient—Most rain water falling on the site is collected and
reused. Appliances are chosen to be water- efficient and
use recycled water when possible.
Low-impact materials—Building
materials were selected from renewable or recycled sources
within 35 miles (56 km) of the site, to minimize the energy
required for transportation. Waste recycling—Refuse-collection

Transport facilities are designed to support recycling.

Because of BedZED's low-energy-emission concept, cars are

Performance
discouraged; the project encourages public transport,
Space-heating requirements were 88% less. Hot-water
cycling,
. and walking, and has limited parking space. There
consumption was 57% less. The electrical power used, at 3
are good rail and bus links in the
kilowatt hours per person per day, was 25% less than the UK
immediate area. Residents are encouraged to use city car
average; 11% of this was produced by solar panels. The
clubs this environmentally friendly alternative to car
Mains-water consumption has been reduced by 50%, or
ownership
67% compared to a power-shower household. The residents'
problems car mileage is 65% less.
the passive heating from the sunspaces had been Insufficient
despite best efforts, residents were on average \still leaving an
ecological footprint of 1.7 planets, which is more than the target
of 1.0 planet (but much less than the UK average of 3 planets).

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 25 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
 Case study deduction
income group sitting
Target specific site where inhabitants will have opportunities for
income community walkable job distance, opportunity for alternative
Of the middle income transport means. opportunity for interaction with other
earners income groups, environment that creates biodiversity,
materials
Intelligent selection of
building materials… uses high design
mass system in cold regions Climate sensitive design. Designs incorporates solar
.
and use of light weight system passive techniques and wind direction for heating and
in hotter regions cooling spaces. Zone layout to avoid noise and
technology pollutions within residential streets using hierarchy of
Drives towards using
roads, buffers and trees.
Sustainable technology

Construction operation
Simple and rationalized Use renewable energy sources and use energy star
Construction methodology appliances to save energy.
services
Efficient planned services

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSINGsAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
26 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Planning consideration sub-collectors
Courts, places, or cul-de-
sacs Circulation – These provide access to local streets
and courts, places, or cul-de-sacs and
These are very minor residential
conduct this traffic to activity centre or
streets, the primary purpose of which hierarchy of a collector street.
is to serve individual lots and provide
collectors
access to local or higher travelled streets they are the principal traffic arteries
streets. A place may be a dead end,
within residential areas. They conduct
cul-de-sac streets, or court with no
traffic to major arterial streets outside
through
. traffic and with limited on-
the residential areas.
street parking. The purpose of a local
street is to connect traffic to and
Pedestrian access
from dwelling units to sub-collectors
/pathway/walkway
Local streets
These are provided to ensure safety
These connect the places, courts, from vehicular access. Pathways are
and cul-de-sacs to collectors, sub- provided to prevent pollution from
collectors. They have slightly higher automobiles and provide serene
volume than cul-de-sacs, courts and environment.
places.

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSINGsAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
27 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Planning consideration
Arterial streets:
They are also known as highway. They are for movement of high
volumes of traffic outside the residential area. Adequate
clearance should be given to allow for expansion, pedestrian
and road dualisation.
Parking
Public parking spaces should be provided within activity area
and it should be well positioned and designed.
buffers
.
Buffers are shields against pollution and noise from high traffics ,
human or machines. They can be achieved by providing open
spaces, planting trees or elevating walls against the noise source.
Buffers are used in areas prone to noise..
Open spaces
Spaces should be provided for community interaction and
recreation. Such spaces are necessary for ecological balance of
the environment and for healthy living of the inhabitants.
CROSS-VENTILATION:
As a result of intense solar radiation leading to an increase in
temperature, the relative humidity of the atmosphere also
increase, thus the air becomes saturated with solar vapour
and the air becomes moist. Hence, cross ventilation is
necessary to ensure adequate comfort.
SITE PLANNING (FORMS AND ORIENTATION)
The layout of buildings should expose a small port of the
building surface to the western sun as much as possible.
Hence, the building should be oriented in North-South with
the longer axis-facing East-West direction. This will enable the
building to make best use of the south westerly wind which is
favourable to the occupants, thereby minimizing the effect
of solar radiation on the building. Also, spacing of buildings
should allow breeze penetration and single banking should
be used.

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSINGsAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
28 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
design consideration
THERMAL INSULATION
Thermal insulation prevents the room interior from being heated up by the hot tropical sun, thus preventing it from being unduly
uncomfortable

energy and emissions

1. Incorporate passive design measures to maximize the use of natural ventilation, cooling and lighting.
2. Maximize energy efficiency and surpass minimum statutory requirements for energy efficiency.
3. Strive for long-term sustainability and energy security by installing renewable energy generation systems.
4. Maximize opportunities for public and active transport access to the building.

Water
. and Wastewater
5. Maximize water efficiency and surpass minimum statutory requirements for water efficiency.
6. Access alternative water sources to reduce consumption of potable water.
7. Phase out use of potable water in landscaping.

8. Access alternative water sources to reduce consumption of potable water.

9. Phase out use of potable water in landscaping.
Indoor Environment Quality
8. Incorporate materials and fittings that are not harmful to the health, safety and well being of building users.
9. Use air-handling and temperature control systems that provide a comfortable and healthy indoor environment.
10. Ensure work areas have access to natural light and external views.

Instructors Students data

URBAN PROPOSAL
29
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie PG/M.Sc./11/10179
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSINGsAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
design consideration
Waste and Construction Materials
11. Select materials with the lower embodied
energy and environmental impacts.
12. Maximize reuse and recycling of construction
and demolition waste.
13. Allow adequate space for recycling, waste
storage and composting by building occupants.

Local Environment
.
14. Restore habitat and improve
community spaces surrounding buildings.
15. Minimize the impact during and post
development on biodiversity, water and
soil quality, soil erosion and visual amenity.

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSINGssAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
30 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Design/planning selection
a) Apply passive cooling IN
HOUSING UNITS design
1. Minimization of the high day temp
2. Avoidance of direct
exposure to solar radiations
3. Reduction in the humidity levels
4. Continuous air circulation 5. create a
temp. difference between the inside and
outside environments
.
6. facilitate evaporation and
dissipation.
b) Apply sustainability in
layout development
1. Providing social infrastructure s
2. Sustainable travel pattern
3. Conservation of natural environment
3. Sense of place
4. Sustainable urban drainage system (SUDS)
Roof pattern:
Void in roof provide maximum light and cross
heat
ventilation.
Light colours and reflective surfaces on roofs
will deflect solar radiations and keep the
fenestration:
building cool.
Semi- open spaces for light and
Light materials such as timbre are used in
air
construction
Sloping roof drains off rain water.
Dense growth of plantation in the outdoors

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSINGsAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
31 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Design/planning selection
Façade articulation: a) Sustainable travel pattern b) Sustainable drainage
1. Max. ventilation 1.Foot paths, sidewalks and cycle routes system
2. Orientation of smaller side of encourage pedestrian and cycling Use of engineered swale and
structure along east-west movement around layout. This is energy bioretention cells in layout reduce run
3. North-south orientation for max. air efficient as well as environmental friendly as off, encourage natural habitant, filter
movement it limits co2 emission from automobiles water, and provide an operation and
4. Faint/pale colours or radiant colour maintenance free gutters. A better
on outer surfaces to radiate sun away alternative to be considered.
. building.
from
5. Building materials with
insulating/reflecting properties that
resist heat transfer

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSINGsAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
32 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Design/planning selection
c) Centralized sewage treatment system. d) Single packaged unit solar panels.
Use of centralised sewage treatment where sewage is Use of single packaged solar panels in individual households
transported from individual housing units to a centralised provide sustainable way of power by converting the solar rays
treatment site is a more efficient way of sewage treatment. By to electricity
this the waste can be used as biomass to generate power or
used for production of organic fertilizers. The vacuum sewage
treatment is recommended as more efficient than the gravity
system. The diagram illustrate the vacuum system sewage
treatment.
.

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSINGsAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
33 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Material selection (WINDOW)
Analysis was based on ventilation effect, view, maintain ace, operation, and cost

Window types Merit/demerit Window types Merit/demerit

a) Casement window 1. Opens fully for maximum c) Sliding window 1. Good aesthetic value
ventilation
2. Only 50 per cent or
2. good and unobstructed
less opening in
view
window achieved
3. Redirects air outside into
which is poor for
room
ventilation.
. 4. Easy to maintain and
3. Reduced view
operate
5. Cost is affordable 4. Affordable cost

b) Louvre window 1. About 95 percent

opening in window
achieved which is good for
ventilation
2. Not easy to clean and From the analysis casement window is Considered as the
maintain best affordable material To used for the work
3. Obstructed view.
5. Poor aesthetic value
6. Affordable cost
Instructors Students data
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi
URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
HOUSINGsAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
34 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Material selection (WINDOW)
Analysis was based on illumination effect, het absorption, privacy and cost.

al Merit/demerit Glass material Merit/demerit

a) Clear glass 1. Good illumination C) Reflective glass 1. stop solar heat
2. Good illumination
2. Lack privacy
3. privacy
3. Cannot stop solar
3. longevity
heat gain
1.High efficiency in
d) Low –e glass
1. Can stop solar heat gain stopping solar heat gain
. b) Tint glass
2. Cheaper compared to 2. Good illumination
reflective 3. privacy
3. No longevity causes 4. Very high cost
cracking with time
4. Reduced illumination

From the analysis reflective glass is Considered as the best

quality and low cost material To used for the work

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi
URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
HOUSINGsURBaN CORRIDOR
AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 35 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Arc. C.E Duruji
Material selection (WINDOW)
Analysis was based on construction cost and Analysis was based on ability to reflect light and
usability for housing. life cycle cost

Roof form Merit/demerit roof material Merit/demerit

a) Metal roof 1. Low life cycle cost… may not
b) gable Less material needed and
need any replacement till the
low construction cost
whole life of the building
aluminium 2. Reflect 61% of sunlight i.e.
metal white energy efficient
b) Hip More material needed
3. Reflects 67% of sunrays i.e.
which implies cost
. energy efficient
B} Clay Tile 1. Absorb solar heat
2. High lifecycle cost. May be
Not suitable for housing
replaced 3 or more times before
More cost and material
the building whole life cycle
b) Folded
4. Reduced illumination
plate roof 1. Absorb solar gain
Asphalt shingles 2. No longevity or high life cycle
e) a-framed roof Not suitable for housing
Woodshake Lack longitivity or high life cycle
cost
More cost and material
cost

The gable roof is selected with metal roofing sheet

(stucco) for cost reduction and energy efficiency reason

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi
URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
HOUSINGsURBaN CORRIDOR
36 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Arc. C.E Duruji
ANTROPOMETRICS

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi
URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma
AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA
HOUSINGsURBaN CORRIDOR
37 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Arc. C.E Duruji
Location map

source: google.com

Students data
Instructors
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSINGsAMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 38 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
URBaN CORRIDOR 700 level
Arc. C.E Duruji Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Location map

Imo state locating Owerri

source: google.com Google image showing zoomed image of the location area
source: Google earth

Instructors
Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Students data
Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 39 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
URBaN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Arc. C.E Duruji
Site selection criteria
Site A Site B Site C

Instructors Students data

Arc. Prof J.N Amaechi URBAN PROPOSAL Asikaogu Adaugo. C.
Arc. Prof A.U Awuzie
Arc. E.O Nwanguma HOUSING AMAKOHIA/AKWAKUMA 37 PG/M.Sc./11/10179
700 level
URBAN CORRIDOR
Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
Arc. C.E Duruji
TERRACE BUILDING PERSPECTIVE

Asikaogu Adaugo. C. PG/M.Sc./11/10179 700 level Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
TERRACE BUILDING PERSPECTIVE

Asikaogu Adaugo. C. PG/M.Sc./11/10179 700 level Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
BLOCK OF FLAT BUILDING PERSPECTIVE

Asikaogu Adaugo. C. PG/M.Sc./11/10179 700 level Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,
BLOCK OF FLAT BUILDING PERSPECTIVE

Asikaogu Adaugo. C. PG/M.Sc./11/10179 700 level Department of architecture, Imo state university, owerri,