POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE WITH

CONSTITUTION
POLITICS,GOVERNANCE
AND CONSTITUTION
 OBJECTIVES

 To understand the basic concept of political

science

 To develop a critical way of thinking in

interpreting Politics and Government

 To evaluate how they know and understand the

topic
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
(D E L EON , 1999)
 Systematic study of state and government

 POLITICAL- derived from the Greek word “POLIS” –meaning a city

or the sovereign state

 SCIENCE- comes from the Latin “SCIRE”-means “to know”

 SCIENCE OF POLITICS
1. It is the basic knowledge and understanding of the
state and the principles and ideals which underlie
its organization and activities
2. It is primarily concerned with the association of
human beings into ‘body politic’ or in a political
community
3. It deals with those relations among men and groups
which are subject to control by the state with the
relations of men and groups to the state itself and
the relations of the state to other state
 GOVERNANCE

POLITICS CONSTITUTION

PEOPLE
 INTERPRETATION OF THE
DIAGRAM

PEOPLE as the FOCAL of all areas of POLITICS,

GOVERNMENT and CONSTITUTION because it is
the human individual who is the revolving actor
of the state, it is to people why there is an
existent laws. The right is vested to and it simply
denotes that the he/she is the MAIN ACTOR.
 SCOPE OF POLITICAL
SCIENCE
1. Political Theory-the entire body of the doctrines relating to the
form, behavior and purposes of the state are dealt with in this
study

2. Public Law- the

a. Organization of governments

b. Limitations upon government authority

c. Powers and Duty of government offices and officers

 S TAGES IN THE S TUDY OF
P OLITICAL S CIENCE
 Religious Stage – the government, it’s leaders
and laws was considered as divine or divinely
inspired.
 Metaphysical Stage – the state was considered
as a human institution and it is therefore
absolute (cannot be changed).
 Modern Stage – the state was deemed capable
of being improved by rulers and subjects
according to certain principles and laws.
 DEVELOPMENT OF
POLITICAL SCIENCE
 Aristotle
 wrote “Politics”, the first systematic work on political
affairs.
 Father of Political Science
 Niccolo Machiavelli
 wrote “The Prince”, a handbook for rulers in the art of
government.
 Father of Modern Political Science
 Prof. Francis Lieber
 wrote “Manual of Political Ethics”; the first systematic
treatise in political science
W HAT IS A STATE ?

 A group of persons, more or less numerous, permanently

occupying a definite portion of territory, independent of
external control, and possessing a government to which a
great body of inhabitants render habitual obedience.
 E LEMENTS OF A S TATE

 People
 Territory
 Government
 Sovereignty
 W HAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
N ATION AND S TATE ?

 State is a legal or juristic concept, while Nation is an ethnic or

racial concept.

 Nasci = to be born indicates a relation of birth or origin and

implies a common race.

 Thus, a nation may comprise several states Example: Egypt,

Iraq, Saudi, Lebanon, Jordan, etc. belong to Arab nation.
 W HAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN N ATION AND S TATE ?

 It is also possible for a single state to be made up of more

than one nation, e.g. US which was the “melting pot” of many
nations that were eventually combined into the “American
nation”
 A. P EOPLE
 Different meanings as used in the 1987 Constitution:
– Inhabitants (sec. 2, Art III; sec. 1, Art. XIII);
– Citizens (secs. 1 & 4, Art II; sec 7, art. III);
– Electors (sec. 4, Art. VII)

 As a requisite for Statehood, there should be an adequate

number for self-sufficiency and defense; of both sexes for
perpetuity.
 W HAT IS THE D IFFERENCE
BETWEEN C ITIZENSHIP AND
N ATIONALITY ?

Citizenship Nationality
• Legal or juristic • Ethnic or racial
• Can be • Absolute,
changed or Innate
taken-back
 B. T ERRITORY

The National Territory

Sec. 1, Art. I: The national territory comprises the
Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and
waters embraced therein, and all other
territories over which the Philippines has
sovereignty or jurisdiction, consisting of its
terrestrial, fluvial and aerial domains, including
its territorial sea, the seabed, the subsoil, the
insular shelves, and other submarine areas.”
C OMPONENTS OF P HILIPPINE T ERRITORY :

 Terrestrial = land
 Fluvial = internal waters
 Aerial domains = aerospace
 Marine = external waters both
surface and sub-aquatic
C. G OVERNMENT

 The agency or instrumentality through which the will of the

State is formulated, expressed and realized.

 Our Constitution, however, requires our government to be

democratic and republican.
 C. G OVERNMENT

Section 1, Art II. The Philippines is a democratic and

republican State. Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government authority emanates
from them.
REPUBLICAN
 It is one wherein all government authority
emanates from the people and is exercised by
representatives chosen by the people.
 C. G OVERNMENT

DEMOCRATIC

 This emphasizes that the Philippines has some aspects of

direct democracy such as initiative and referendum.
D. S OVEREIGNTY

 The supreme and uncontrollable power innate in a State by

which that State is governed.

 Sovereignty resides in the people and all government

authority emanates from them. (Sec. 1 Art.II)
D UTIES OF THE S TATE

 Peace and Order

 Political Harmony (Good
Laws)
 Social Justice
 Economic Development
 T HEORIES OF S TATE O RIGIN
 Divine Theory – the state is of divine origin, all
political authority emanates from God.
 Social Contract Theory - this theory states that
men agreed among themselves to live under one
civil society or body politic. A person surrendered
his natural liberty but gained in return the
protection and civil rights guaranteed by the
governments.
 Force Theory – the state has arisen through
sheer force; a tribe conquering other tribes to
form a kingdom.