HVAC

Heating Ventilation & Air Conditioning

 What is HVAC?

 HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is the technology to control

indoor environmental comfort, based on the principles of thermodynamics,
flHeating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment performs heating
and/or cooling for residential, commercial or industrial buildings. The HVAC
system may also be responsible for providing fresh outdoor air to dilute interior
airborne contaminants such as odors from occupants, volatile organic compounds
(VOC’s) emitted from interior furnishings, chemicals used for cleaning, etc. A
properly designed system will provide a comfortable indoor environment year
round when properly maintained.
 uid mechanics, and heat transfer.

 The main purposes of a Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system

are to help maintain good indoor air quality through adequate ventilation with
filtration and provide thermal comfort.
 Who Started it?

In the early 20th century, Willis Carrier began

his legacy of heating, ventilation and air
conditioning (HVAC) innovation — and Carrier
has trained the industry ever since.
 Who is regulating it?
• ASHRAE (American Society of Heating,
Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers)
found in 1894.

• ISHRAE (Indian Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air Conditioning Engineers) found in 1981
 Where is it used?

• Residential
• Commercial
• Industrial
 Where is it important?

• Medium to large industrial applications.

• Office buildings such as skyscrapers.
• Marine environments such as aquariums.
• Hospitals and industries where conditions
are controlled by regulating with respect to
temperature and humidity.
Heating Ventilation & Air-Conditioning
(As per ASHRAE and ISHRAE Standards)

Introduction to HVAC

• Fundamentals
• Modes of Heat Transfer
• Sensible Heat and Latent Heat
Basic Components in HVAC

• Basic Refrigeration System or Vapor Compression

Cycle
• Pressure – Enthalpy Chart
• Function & Types of Compressor
• Function & Types of Condenser
• Function & Types of Expansion Valve
• Function & Types of Evaporator
• Accessories used in the System
• Refrigerant and Brines
Classification of AC System

• Window A/C
• Split A/C
• Ductable Split A/C
• Ductable Package A/C
• Package Roof Top Units
• Central Plant Chill Water System
Types of Air Conditioning systems

• All air system

• All water system
• Air - water system
• Direct Refrigerant system
Study of Psychrometric Charts

• Dry Bulb Temperature

• Wet Bulb Temperature
• Dew Point Temperature
• Relative Humidity
• Humidity Ratio
• Processes
– Heating
– Cooling
– Cooling and Dehumidification
– Heating and Humidification
– Finding Values Using the Chart
Load Calculations

• Survey of Building
• Cooling Load Steps
• Finding Temperature difference (ΔT) & ‘U’ Factor
for: Wall, Glass, Roof & Partition
• Finding Ventilation requirement for IAQ
• Load Calculations (Manually using E-20 form)
• ESHF, ADP & Air Flow Rate (CFM) Calculation
Air Distribution System

• Duct Design consideration

• Duct sizing methods
• Duct sizing as per Aspect Ratio
• Finding Duct size using Ductulator
• Bill of Materials for Duct Network
• Legends and Symbols used in the HVAC Industry
• Selection of Diffusers and Grilles
• Duct Materials and Insulation materials used in HVAC
Industry
• Duct Routing - Preparation of single line diagram (SLD)
• Preparation of Layouts (Double line Diagram - DLD) as per
SMACNA rules
Hydraulic System

• Classification of Water Piping

• Pipe sizing for chill water system
• Fittings used in the HVAC Piping System
• Valves used in the HVAC Piping System
• Function of Valves
• Openings for CHW Pipes passing through Wall
• Sectional drawing @ CHW Pipe supports
• Pump Head Calculation
• Selection of Pump
Fire Protection (Awareness) & HVAC software’s

• XL sheet for Load Calculations

• Duct sizer for Duct sizing
• TroxCADBase for Diffuser & Grilles
• Pipe sizer for Pipe sizing
• Psychrometry Software