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    Definition of Communication

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    Aditya Kankani
    The document defines communication as conveying thoughts, ideas, data, and information from a sender to a receiver. It originated from information theory, feedback concepts, and the concept of organizational communication. Communication can be interpersonal, in groups, or in organizations. It also discusses upward, downward, horizontal, formal, and informal communication in organizations as well as improving interpersonal communication and overcoming resistance to change. Non-verbal communication such as eye contact, facial expressions, and body language are also important forms of communication.

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    Definition of Communication

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Kankani
    17 views18 pages
    The document defines communication as conveying thoughts, ideas, data, and information from a sender to a receiver. It originated from information theory, feedback concepts, and the concept of organizational communication. Communication can be interpersonal, in groups, or in organizations. It also discusses upward, downward, horizontal, formal, and informal communication in organizations as well as improving interpersonal communication and overcoming resistance to change. Non-verbal communication such as eye contact, facial expressions, and body language are also important forms of communication.

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    The document defines communication as conveying thoughts, ideas, data, and information from a sender to a receiver. It originated from information theory, feedback concepts, and the concept of organizational communication. Communication can be interpersonal, in groups, or in organizations. It also discusses upward, downward, horizontal, formal, and informal communication in organizations as well as improving interpersonal communication and overcoming resistance to change. Non-verbal communication such as eye contact, facial expressions, and body language are also important forms of communication.

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    17 views18 pages

    Definition of Communication

    Uploaded by

    Aditya Kankani
    The document defines communication as conveying thoughts, ideas, data, and information from a sender to a receiver. It originated from information theory, feedback concepts, and the concept of organizational communication. Communication can be interpersonal, in groups, or in organizations. It also discusses upward, downward, horizontal, formal, and informal communication in organizations as well as improving interpersonal communication and overcoming resistance to change. Non-verbal communication such as eye contact, facial expressions, and body language are also important forms of communication.

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    of 18

    DEFINITION OF COMMUNICATION

    Communication means Conveying, Sharing and


    Exchange thoughts, Opinions, Ideas, Data &
    Information from the sender to the receiver.
    GENESIS OF COMMUNICATION

    1. Information theory propounded by Claude Shannon of


    the Bell Laboratories

    2. Feedback concept (Cybernetics) give by Norbert


    Weiner of Massachusetts Institute of Technology

    3. Concept of “Organizational communication”

    given by Stafford Beer of UK.


    ELEMENTAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

    N O I S E

    CHANNEL

    SOURCE ENCODER DECODER DESTINATION


    TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

    1. Interpersonal.

    2. Communication in Groups.

    3. Communication in Organisation
    OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS

    1. Formal & Informal

    2. Articulation & Gesticulation

    3. Oral & Written.


    ORGANISATION COMMUNICATION
    (Subordinate to
    Upward Superior)

    1. VERTICAL
    Downward (Superior to
    Subordinate)
    2. HORIZONTAL Among Functional
    Departments

    3. LATERAL Among Functional


    Departments
    UPWARD COMMUNICATION
    1. Grievance Procedure
    2. Open Door Policy
    3. Attitude Questionnaire
    4. Counselling Session
    5. Exit Interview
    6. Participative Techniques
    WORKS COMMITTEE
    JOINT COUNCIL
    SUGGESTION BOXES
    DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
    1. Giving Task Directives (JOB INSTRUCTION).

    2. Giving Information on Organization

    Procedures and Practices.

    3. Providing Information on The Rational of Job.

    4. Telling Subordinates about Their Performance.

    5. Providing Ideological Type of Information to

    Facilitate Indoctrination.
    HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION

    1. Committee Meetings.

    2. Written Report

    3. Interdepartmental Instructions

    4. Informal Contacts
    IMPROVING INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

    1. Face to face Communication


    2. Simple Language
    3. Sensitivity to the Receiver
    4. Awareness of the Symbolic Meaning
    5. Reinforcing words with Actions
    6. Using Feedback
    7. Empathetic Listening
    OVERCOMING RESISTANCE
    TO CHANGE

    1. COMMUNICATION
    2. EDUCATION
    3. INVOLVEMENT
    Association
    Instruction
    Participation
    FORMAL & INFORMAL MEANS OF
    COMMUNICATION
    1. Interviews 9. Material Displays.
    10. Employee welfare
    2. Dept / Int. Dept Meeting
    Publications.
    3. General Meeting 11. Payroll Inserts.
    4. Conferences 12. Plant Bulletin Boards.
    5. Telephone Calls 13. Safety & Other Posters.
    6. Company Publications 14. Annual Reports.
    15. Letter of Greeting.
    7. Work & Other Handbooks
    16. Filmstrips, slides &
    8. Product Info Booklets
    motions pictures.
    EXTERNAL LINKS OF COMMUNICATION

    1. Links with Govt. 7. Libraries

    2. Society. 8. Laboratories.

    3. Suppliers. 9. International Bodies.

    4. Purchasers. 10. Imp. Personalities.

    5. Consultants. 11. Professional Bodies.

    6. Tech Institutions. 12. Publishers.


    SPECIAL AREAS OF APPLICATION OF
    COMMUNICATION

    1. In Administration 6. In performance

    Counseling
    2. In Rural Enforcement
    7. In Task Assignment
    3. In Introducing Change
    8. In Organizational
    4. In Counselling & Development
    Psychotherapy 9. In MBO

    5. In Interviews 10.In Internet Usage


    NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION

    1. Eye Contacts.

    2. Facial Expressions.

    3. Posture & Gestures


    EYE CONTACTS

    STATUS MEANING
    Downward Glance Unfavorable Response
    Wondering Eyes No Interest
    Watching Glance Experience of Boredom
    Stealing & Slide Glance Suspicious & Doubtful
    Upward Glance Sure Boredom
    Glaring Eyes Confrontation.
    Squinting Eyes Thinking about a Problem
    FACIAL EXPRESSION
    STATUS MEANING
    Smile Friendliness
    Raised Brow Disbelief
    Knitted Brow Involvement
    Hand on Mouth Boredom
    Tightening Jaws Antagonism
    Rubbing Nose Expression of Doubt
    BODY LANGUAGE

    STATUS MEANING
    Leaning Forward Favorable Attitude
    Raising shoulders Asserting Oneself
    Crossed Legs / Hands Hostility
    Hair Twirling Expressing Uncertainty
    Wringing Hands Indicates Nervousness
    Hands To Chest Expression of Loyalty
    Arms Folded Resistance to Ideas
    Frequent Crossing Boredom & Restlessness.
    of Legs

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